Saint ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se from Lisieux (French: Sainte-ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se de Lisieux ) , born Marie FranÃÆ'§oise-ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se Martin (January 2, 1873 - September 30, 1897), also known as Saint ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se of Jesus Son and Holy Face , OCD, is a French Catholic nun's Carmelite nun who is widely respected in modern times. He is known as " Little Flower of Jesus " or just " The Little Flower ".
ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se has become a very influential model of holiness for Catholics and for others because of the "simplicity and practicality of its approach to spiritual life". Together with Saint Francis of Assisi, he is one of the most popular saints in church history. Pope Saint Pius X called him "the greatest saint of modern times".
ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se felt an early call to religious life, and overcome many obstacles, in 1888 at the early age of 15, he became a nun and joined his two older sisters in the closed Carmelite community in Lisieux, Normandy. After nine years as a Carmelite monk, having fulfilled various positions like sakristan and a budding assistant lady, and after spending his last eighteen months in Carmel on the night of faith, he died at the age of 24, after a slow and painful struggle against tuberculosis.
Her holiday is October 1 (October 3 in remarkable form). ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se is well known worldwide, with the Basilica Lisieux being the second largest pilgrimage site in France after Lourdes.
Video Thérèse of Lisieux
Life
​​â € <â €
He was born in Rue Saint-Blaise, Alen秧on, in France on January 2, 1873, daughter of Marie-Azà © © lie Guà ©  © rin, and Louis Martin, a jewelery maker and watchmaker. Both parents are devout Catholics who will eventually become the first and (to this day) married couple who are canonized together by the Roman Catholic Church (2015).
Louis has been trying to be a regular canon, wanting to enter Hospice St. Bernard the Great, but was rejected because he did not know Latin. ZÃÆ'Â © lied, has a strong temperament, is active, wants to serve the sick, and also considers entering a sanctified life, but the prioress of the regular canonesses of HÃÆ'Â'tel-Dieu in AlenÃÆ'§on has broken his question directly. Disappointed, Za lied to learn the trade of clothes-making. He excelled in it and started his own business on Rue Saint-Blaise at the age of 22 years.
Louis and Zaà © met in early 1858 and married on 13 July of the same year at the Basilica of Notre-Dame d'AlenÃÆ'§on. At first they decided to live as brothers and sisters in an incessant continent, but when a mentor made them desperate in this, they changed their lifestyle and had nine children. From 1867-70 they lost 3 babies and five years HÃÆ'Ã… © lÃÆ'¨ne. Their five surviving daughters became nuns:
- Marie (February 22, 1860, a Carmelite in Lisieux, in religion, Sister Marie of the Sacred Heart, d.19 January 1940),
- Pauline (September 7, 1861, in religion, Mother Agnes of Jesus at Lisieux Carmel, d. 28 July 1951),
- LÃÆ' Â © onie (June 3, 1863, in the religion of Sister FranÃÆ'§oise-ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se, Visitandine at Caen, d.16 June 1941),
- CÃÆ' Â © line (April 28, 1869, a Carmelite in Lisieux, in religion, Sister GeneviÃÆ'¨ve from the Holy Face, d.25 February 1959), and finally
- ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se (FranÃÆ'§oise-ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se)
"She is a dreamer and reflective, an idealist and romantic... For her daughter she gives names of touching pets and naÃÆ'¯ve: Marie is her diamond, Pauline her noble pearl CÃÆ' Â © line thick .. But ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se is hers petite reine , the little queen, owned all the treasure â €.
ZÃÆ'Ã… © lie was so successful in the manufacture of lace that in 1870 Louis had sold his watch shop to his nephew and handled the end of the journey and bookkeeping of his wife's baking business.
Birth and baby
Immediately after his birth in January 1873, the view for the survival of Martin's ThÃÆ'  © rÃÆ'¨se was very grim. Because of his weak condition, he was entrusted to a wet nurse, Rose Taillà ©, who had looked after two of Martin's children. Rose has her own children and can not live with Martins, so ThÃÆ'  © rÃÆ'¨se was sent to live with her in the Bocage forest at Semallà ©.
On White Thursday, April 2, 1874, when he was 15 months old, he returned to Alenç§on where his family surrounded him with affection. "I heard the baby call me Mama! as she descended the stairs, at every step she called Mama! and if I did not respond every time she stayed there without going back or forth. "(Madame Martin to Pauline, 21 November 1875) He was educated in a very Catholic environment, including mass at 5:30 am, a fasting celebration, and a prayer with a liturgical year rhythm. Martins is also doing charity work, visiting sick and elderly people and occasional welcome bums to their table. Even if he is not a model of the little girl whose brothers then describe, ThÃÆ'  © rÃÆ'¨se is very sensitive to this education. She plays as a nun. Described as a happy child, he is also emotional, and often cries: "CÃÆ'  © online playing with your little one with a few bricks... I have to fix a poor baby into a scary tantrum when he can not have it in his own way. He rolled on the floor in despair for believing it was all gone.Sometimes he was so overcome he almost choked on.He was a nervous boy, but he was very good, very smart, and remembered everything. "At 22, ThÃÆ' © rÃÆ'¨se, then a Carmelite, admits: "I'm far from being the perfect little girl".
From 1865 Zelie had complained of breast tenderness and in December of 1876 a doctor recounted the seriousness of the tumor. Feeling closer to the death Madame Martin had written to Pauline in the spring of 1877, "You and Marie will have no difficulty with her upbringing, which is very good, she is the chosen spirit." In June 1877 he went to Lourdes hoping to be healed, but the miracle did not happen. "The Mother of God has not healed me because my time is up, and because God wants me to rest somewhere other than on earth." On August 28, 1877, Zale lay dead, age 45. His funeral was performed at the Basilica of Notre-Dame d'AlenÃÆ'§on. ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se almost 4 1/2 years. Her mother's death gave a heavy blow and then she would consider that "the first part of her life stopped on that day".
He writes: "Every detail of my mother's illness is still with me, especially her last weeks on earth." She remembers the bedroom scene where her dying mother receives the last sacrament while ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se kneels and her father cries. He wrote: "When Mummy died, my happy disposition changed, I was so alive and open, now I am embarrassed and sensitive, crying if anyone sees me.I just happy if nobody is watching me... It's just in intimacy my own family, where everyone is so good, that I can be better. "
Three months after Zale lay dead, Louis Martin left Alen秧on, where he spent his youth and married, and moved to Lisieux in the Calvados Department of Normandy, where the pharmacist sister ZÃÆ'Ã… © lie, Isidore GuÃÆ' Â © rin lives with his wife. and their two daughters, Jeanne and Marie. In his final months, ZÃÆ'Â © lied has handed the lace business; after his death, Louis sold it. Louis rented a large country house, Les Buissonnets , located in a large park on the hillside overlooking the city. Looking back, ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se will see a move to Les Buissonnets as the beginning of "the second period of my life, the most painful of the three: it extends from the age of four-and-a-half to fourteen, a time when I rediscovered my childhood character, and entered a serious side of life. " At Lisieux, Pauline takes on the role of ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se's Mama . He takes this role seriously, and ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se grows very close to him, and to the CÃÆ' Â © line, the sister who is closest to him in age.
Initial years
ThÃÆ' © rÃÆ'¨se was taught at home until he was eight and a half years old, and then entered a school kept by Benedictine nuns of Notre Dame du Pre Monastery in Lisieux. ThÃÆ'  © rÃÆ'¨se, well taught and careful by Marie and Pauline, found herself above the class, except for writing and arithmetic. However, because of his young age and high values, he was bullied. The person who most often mistreated himself was a poor fourteen-year-old girl in school. ThÃÆ'  © rÃÆ'¨se suffered greatly from her sensitivity, and she cried silently. In addition, the boisterous game in recreation does not suit his taste. She prefers to tell stories or babysitting babies. "Five years I spent in school was the saddest of my life, and if the line CÃÆ'  © dear I'm not with me I can not stay there for a month without getting sick."  © C © informs us, "He is now developing a joy to hide, he does not want to be observed, because he sincerely thinks he is inferior". On his free days he became closer to Marie Guà © à © rin, the younger brother of two of his cousins ​​in Lisieux. The girls played as an anchorites, as Teresa had once played with her sister. And every night he went into the family circle. "Fortunately I can go home every night and then I cheer, I usually jump on my knees and tell him what marks I have, and when he kisses me all my problems are forgotten... I desperately need this kind of encouragement "But the tension of double life and daily self-conquest puts a burden on the ThÃÆ' © rÃÆ'¨se. Going to school is getting harder.
When he was nine years old, in October 1882, his sister Pauline, who had acted as his "second mother", entered the Carmelite monastery in Lisieux. ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se was destroyed. She understood that Pauline was closed and that she would never return. "I said in my heart: Pauline lost to me!" The shock reappears in him, the trauma caused by his mother's death. He also wanted to join the Carmelites, but was told he was too young. But ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se was very impressed with Ms. Marie Gonzague, a priority at the time Pauline entered her community to cheer her up, calling ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se "my future little daughter".
Disease
At this time, ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se is often sick; she began to suffer from nerve tremors. Tremor began one night after his uncle took him for a walk and started talking about Zae lying. Assuming that he was cold, the family covered Therese with a blanket, but the tremors continued; he clenched his teeth and could not speak. The family called Dr. Notta, who can not make a diagnosis. In 1882, Dr. Gayral diagnoses that ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se "reacts to emotional frustration with neurotic attacks".
A worried, but closed, Pauline began writing letters to ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se and tried various strategies to intervene. Eventually ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se recovered after he turned to stare at the statue of the Virgin Mary placed in Marie's room, where ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se has been moved. He reported on May 13, 1883 that he had seen the Virgin's smile on him. He wrote: "Our Blessed Lady has come to me, she has smiled at me. How happy am I." However, when ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se informed the Carmelite nun about this vision at the request of her sister, Marie, she found herself assaulted by their questions and she lost confidence. Self-doubt made him begin to question what had happened. "I think I've lied - I can not see myself without the feeling of deep horror ." "For a long time after healed, I thought that my illness was intentional and this is a real martyrdom for my soul". His concerns about this continued until November 1887.
In October 1886, her eldest sister, Marie, entered the same Carmelite monastery, adding to the sadness of ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se. The warm atmosphere at Les Buissonnets , is very important to him, disappears. Now only he and CÃÆ'Â © the line remain with their father. The tears that often make some friends think he has a weak character and the queen did share this opinion.
ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se also suffers from a disorder, a condition experienced by other saints such as Alphonsus Liguori, also a Doctor of the Church and Ignatius Loyola, the founder of the Jesuits. He writes: "One must pass through this martyrdom to understand it well, and for me to express what I have experienced for a year and a half is impossible".
Full conversion: Christmas 1886
Christmas Eve of 1886 was a turning point in the life of ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se; he calls it "complete conversion." Years later he stated that on that night he overcame the pressures he had faced since his mother's death and said that "God works a little miracle to make me grow in an instant... On that blessed night... Jesus, who saw fit to making himself a child out of love for me, seeing that I have been born out of the nappy clothes and the imperfections of childhood.
That night, Louis Martin and his daughter, LÃÆ' Â © onie, CÃÆ' Â © line and ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se, attended a midnight mass at the cathedral in Lisieux-- "but there is little heart left in it.On December 1, LÃÆ' Â © onie, covered with eczema and hiding her hair under a short mantilla, has returned to Les Buissonnets after just seven weeks of the Poor Clares regime in AlenÃÆ'§on ", and her sisters helped her to forget sense of failure and humiliation. Back in Les Buissonnets every year, ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se "as is the custom for French children, has left his shoes in the fireplace, empty in anticipation of a gift, not from the Father of Christmas but from the Son of Jesus, who imagine traveling through the air with toys and cakes. "As he and Celine climb the stairs he hears his father," perhaps tired from the hour, or a reminder of the emotional demands unceasingly from his crying youngest daughter, "said slightly annoyed" Therese is too old for this now.Luckily this will be the last year! "ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se started crying and CÃÆ' Â © line advised him not to go down. Then, suddenly, ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se pulled himself together and wiped his tears. He ran down the stairs, kneeling in the fireplace and unhurried his usual joy as usual. In his note, nine years later, in 1895: "In a moment Jesus, content with my good intentions, completed the work I could not do in ten years." After nine miserable years, he had "restored the lost soul power" when his mother died and, he said, "he will defend it forever". He finds joy in self-forgetfulness and adds, "I feel, in other words, charity goes into my heart, the need to forget myself to make other people happy - Since this blessed night I have not lost any battles, but I went from victory to victory and started, so to speak, "to run a gigantic course" (Psalms 19: 5 ).
According to Ida GÃÆ'¶rres, "ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se immediately understood what had happened to him when he won this victory a little over his sensitivity, which he had borne so long... freedom was found in the right view to get away from yourself.. and the fact that one can throw himself out of himself reveals again that being good, victory is pure grace, sudden gift..It can not be forced, but it can only be accepted by a patiently prepared heart ". Biography of Kathryn Harrison: "After all, in the past she has tried to control herself, has tried with all her existence and has failed Grace, alchemy, masochism: through whatever lens we see its transport, Tha Night illumination ¨s night gives her strength and its danger.This will guide his steps between mortal beings and gods, between life and death, destruction and charlatanism.It will take him exactly where he intends to go. "
The character of the saint and the initial strength that formed his personality have been the subject of analysis, especially in recent years. Regardless of the family doctors who observed it in the 19th century, all other conclusions must be speculative. For example, author Ida GÃÆ'¶rres, whose official study focuses on church history and hagiography, wrote the psychological analysis of the saint's character. Some authors have argued that ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se has a strong neurotic aspect to his personality during most of his life. Harrison, concluding that, "his temperament is not shaped for compromise or moderation... a life spent not to tame but to direct his appetite and desire, a life that may be shortened by the power of desire and ambition."
Imitation Christ , Rome, and go to Carmel > range>
Before he was fourteen, when he began to have a quiet period, ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se began reading The Imitation of Christ . He read imitation carefully, as if the writer searched every sentence for him: "The kingdom of God is within you... Bring thee with thine heart unto the Lord, and leave this poor world: and the soul You will find rest. "He kept the book with him constantly and later wrote that this book and other parts of the book are of a very different character, a lecture by AbbÃÆ'Ã… © Arminjon on the End of the World, and the Mystery of the World Come , giving him nutrition during this critical period. After that he started reading other books, mostly on history and science.
In May 1887, ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se approached his 63-year-old father Louis, who had recovered from a small stroke while he sat in the garden one Sunday afternoon and told him that he wanted to celebrate his "conversion" birthday. by entering Carmel before Christmas. Louis and ThÃÆ'Ã… © rÃÆ'¨se both strike and cry, but Louis gets up, gently grabs a small white flower, the whole root, and gives it to him, explaining the care that God carries and inherited until that day. ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se then wrote: "while I listened I believed I heard my own story". For Therese, the flower appears to be a symbol of him, "destined to live in another land". ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se renewed his efforts to join Karmal, but the priest-superior monks would not allow him because of his youth.
During the summer, the French newspaper was filled with the story of Henri Pranzini, who was convicted of a brutal murder of two women and a child. To an angry public, Pranzini represents everything that threatens a viable way of living in France. In July and August 1887 ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se prayed hard for Pranzini's conversion, so that his soul could be saved, but Pranzini showed no regrets. In late August, the newspaper reported that just as Pranzini's neck was placed on the guillotine, he grabbed a cross and kissed it three times. ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se is very excited and believes that his prayer has saved him. He continued to pray for Pranzini after his death.
In November 1887, Louis took the line CÃÆ'Â © and ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se on the diocesan pilgrimage to Rome for the priest Pope Leo XIII Jubilee. Travel costs are enforced tight selection, a quarter of the noble pilgrims. Birth, in 1871, of the Third Republic of France has marked a decline in the power of conservative rights. Forced into defense, the royal bourgeoisie regarded the powerful Church as an important means of maintaining French integrity and its future. The rise of a militant nationalist Catholic, a tendency that would, in 1894, result in anti-Semitic beliefs and false betrayal of Alfred Dreyfus was a development never felt by ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se. Still a sheltered child, ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se lives in ignorance of events and political motivations.
He did notice, however, 'social ambition and pride', adding "CÃÆ' Â © line and I found ourselves mingled with aristocratic members, but we were not impressed. too concerned with the big names' shadow, did not disappear on me, and I realized that true nobles exist in the soul, not in the name ". On November 20, 1887, during a general audience with Leo XIII, ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se, in turn, approached the Pope, knelt down, and asked him to let him enter Carmel at 15. The pope said: "Well, my son, do what boss.... You will enter if the Will of God "and he blesses ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se. He refused to leave his legs, and the Swiss Guard had to take him out of the room.
The journey continues: they visit Pompeii, Naples, Assisi; then back via Pisa and Genoa. A pilgrimage of nearly a month came just in time for his growing personality. He "learned over many years of learning". For the first and last time in his life, he left Normandy. Especially he, "who only knows the priests in carrying out their service in their company, hearing their conversation, not always building up - and seeing their shortcomings for themselves".
He understood that he should pray and give his life to sinners like Pranzini. But Carmel prays especially for priests and this surprises him because their souls seem "pure crystals". A month spent by many priests teaches them that they are "weak and weak men". He wrote later: "I met many of the holy priests that month, but I also found that despite being above the angels with their highest dignity they were no less human and still subject to human weakness.If the holy priests," the salt of the earth ', as Jesus called them in the gospel, to be prayed for, what about lukewarm? Again, as Jesus said, 'If the salt will lose its flavor, by what will it be salted? 'I understand my calling in Italy. "For the first time he also deals with young men." In existence without his brother, masculinity is represented only by his father, Uncle Guà ©  © rin and various priests. Now he has his first and only experience. CÃÆ'  © line was declared on the beatification process that one of the youths in the group's pilgrimage "developed tender affection for him". ThÃÆ'  © rÃÆ'¨se confessed to his sister, "It is time for Jesus to remove me from the toxic breath of the world... I feel that my heart is easily grasped by tenderness, and where others fall, I too will fall. not more powerful than others. "Soon after that, the Bishop of Bayeux endorsed the prioress to accept the ThÃÆ'  © rÃÆ'¨se On 9 April 1888 he became a postulant of Carmel.
The Little Flower in Carmel
Lisieux Carmel in 1888
The Carmelite order was reformed in the sixteenth century by Teresa of ÃÆ' vila, which was primarily intended for private and collective prayer. Lisieux nuns follow a strict regimen that allows only one meal a day for seven months of the year, and a little spare time. Only one room of a heated building. The period of silence and solitude is many but the founders have also planned time for work and relaxation together - life saving should not hinder your relation and joy. Founded in 1838, Carmel of Lisieux in 1888 has 26 religious, from very different classes and backgrounds. For much of the life of ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se, his priority is Mother Marie de Gonzague, born Marie-AdÃÆ'Â © le-Rosalie Davy de Virville. When ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se entered the monastery, 54-year-old Marie Marie, a woman with fickle humor, jealous of her authority, was sometimes used in a volatile manner; this has certain effects, weaknesses in the observance of established rules. "In the sixties and seventies of the nineteenth century, an aristocrat in the position of flesh counted more in petty bourgeois monasteries than we realize today... the bosses appointed Marie de Gonzague to the highest office as soon as his novitiate was accepted... in 1874 started a long series of terms as Prioress ".
Postulants
The time of ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se as a postulant began with his arrival to Carmel, Monday, April 9, 1888. He felt the peace after he received communion that day and then wrote, "At last my wish came true, and I can not describe the depth of sweetness that fulfill my soul This peace remained with me for eight and a half years of my life here, and never left me even in the midst of the greatest trials ". CITEREFSaint_ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨seTaylor_ (tr.) 2006
From his childhood, ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se had dreamed of the desert which God would one day guide him. Now he has entered the desert. Although he is now reunited with Marie and Pauline, from day one he started his struggle to win and keep his distance from his sister. Right at the beginning Marie de Gonzague, who had previously, changed the posture of ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se to his sister Marie, who taught her to follow the Divine Office. Then he appointed Assistant ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se to Pauline in refectory. And when his cousin Marie Guerin came in, he hired them together in the sacristy.
ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se cling to rules that prohibit all excessive conversation during work. He saw his sisters together only in the general recreation hours after the meal. At such moments he will sit next to anyone who happens to be around him, or next to a nun he observes to sneak, ignoring the implied and sometimes expressed concern and even the jealousy of his siblings. "We have to apologize to the others because we are four under one roof", he is in the habit of commenting. "When I die, you have to be very careful not to live family life with each other... I do not come to Carmel to be with my sister, on the contrary, I see clearly that their presence will harm me, because I am determined not to give in to nature. "
Although the novice lady, Sister Marie of the Angels, finds ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se slow, young postulants adapt well to her new surroundings. He wrote, "Illusion, the Good God gives me the grace to nobody to enter Carmel.I found the religious life as I imagined, no sacrifice that shocked me." He tried above all to adapt to the rules and customs of the Carmelites he studied daily with his four religious people from the novitiate.
He chose a spiritual director, a Jesuit, Father Pichon. At their first meeting, May 28, 1888, he made a general confession back for all his past sins. He came away from it with great relief. Pastors who suffer from objections, understand them and persuade them. A few months later, he went to Canada, and ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se would only be able to seek his advice through letters and his replies rarely. (On July 4, 1897, he confessed to Pauline, 'Father Pichon treats me like a child, but he also helps me a lot by saying that I have never committed mortal sin.') During his tenure as a postulant, ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'Â ¨se have to endure some bullying from other sisters due to lack of talent for crafts and manual work. Sister St. Vincent de Paul, the best weaver in the community made her feel awkward and even called her 'big goat'. ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se turns out to be the highest in the family, 1.62 meters (about 5'3 "). Pauline, the shortest, is no more than 1.54m (approx.5 ').
Like all religions he finds the ups and downs of temperament, character, sensitivity or weakness. After nine years he wrote clearly, "lack of judgment, education, sexiness of some characters, all these things do not make life so fun, I know very well that this chronic moral weakness, that there is no hope of healing." But the greatest suffering came from outside Carmel. On June 23, 1888, Louis Martin disappeared from his home and was found a few days later, at the post office in Le Havre. This incident marked the beginning of his father's decline. He died on July 29, 1894. Noviciate (January 10, 1889 - September 24, 1890)
The end of the ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se period as a postulant arrived on 10 January 1889, with him taking the habit. From that time on he wore 'rough woven fabric and brown scapula, white skin and hood, leather belt with rosary, wool stockings', rope sandals. â € His father's health has stabilized for a while he can attend, though twelve days after his wedding ceremony. his father suffered a stroke and was taken to a private sanatorium, Bon Sauveur in Caen, where he stayed for three years before returning to Lisieux in 1892. In this period ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se deepened his sense of vocation; a hidden life, to pray and offer suffering to pastors, to forget themselves, to promote wise acts of charity. He writes, "I use myself mainly to practice small virtues, not having the facility to do great... In his letters from this period his novitiate, ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se returns repeatedly with a small theme, calling himself as a grain of sand, the image he borrowed from Pauline... 'Always littler, lighter, to be lifted more easily by the wind o love.'The rest of his life will be determined by retreat and subtraction.'
He absorbed the work of John the Cross, an unusual spiritual reading at the time, especially for a young nun. "What insight do I gain from the works of our holy father, Saint John the Cross! When I was seventeen and eighteen, I had no other spiritual food..." He felt a kinship with this classic writer from the Order Carmelite (though nothing seems to interest him on the writing of Teresa of Avila), and enthusiastically reads his works, Mount Carmel's Ascent, the Purification Streets, the Canticle Spiritual , Living Flame of Love . The parts of these writings are woven into everything he himself says and writes. The fear of God, which he found in a certain sister, paralyzed him. "My nature is so afraid to make me retreat, with LOVE not only am I progressing, I'm flying".
With a new name Carmelite received when he entered the Order, there was always a nickname - for example, Teresa Jesus, Elizabeth of the Trinity, Anne of the Angels. The nickname reveals the Mystery he is supposed to be contemplating with special devotion. "The names ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se in religion - he has two of them - must be taken together to define his religious meaning". The first name was promised to him at nine o'clock, by Mother Marie de Gonzague, of the Son of Jesus , and given to her when she entered the monastery. In itself, the worship of Jesus' childhood is the legacy of Carmel in the seventeenth century - it is concentrated on the tremendous insult of divine majesty in assuming extreme forms of weakness and helplessness. The French Government of the Oratory of Jesus and Pierre de BÃÆ' Â © renewed this old practice of piety. But when she received the veil, ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se herself asked Mother Marie de Gonzague to bestow her second name Holy Face .
During his novitiate, the contemplation of the Holy Face has nourished his inner life. This is a picture that represents the face of the defective Jesus during His Passion. And he contemplated some parts of the prophet Isaiah (Chapter 53). Six weeks before his death he said to Pauline, "The words in Isaiah: 'there is no majesty here, no majesty, no beauty,... one hated, abandoned of all human calculations: How should we take every account about he, a man so despicable ( is 53: 2-3 ) - these words are the basis of my worship of the Holy Face I also want to be without glory and beauty... unknown to all creature. "On the night of his profession he wrote to Sister Marie," Tomorrow I will be a Jesus whose face is hidden and that no one knows "- what unity and what future! "Meditation also helped him understand the embarrassing situation of his father.
Usually the novitiate's previous profession lasts a year. Sister ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se hoped to make his last commitment on or after January 11, 1890 but, considered too young for the last commitment, his profession was postponed. He will spend eight months longer than the standard year as an inexperienced novice. By the end of 1889, his old home in the world of Les Buissonnets was dismantled, the furniture divided between ruins and Carmel. Not until 8 September 1890, age 17 and half, that he made his religious profession. A retreat to anticipate "irrevocable promises" is characterized by "absolute aridity" and on the eve of his profession, he releases panic. "What he wants out of him, his call is a hoax."
Convinced by the novice lady and the mother of Marie de Gonzague, the following day her religious profession continued, 'the outpouring of peace flooded my soul,' peace beyond all understanding '(Phil. 4: 7 ) Against her heart she wore her profession written during the retreat. "May the creatures be nothing to me, and hopefully I am nothing to them, but may You, Jesus, be everything! Let no one be busy with me, let me be seen as being trampled... I hope that You will be done in me perfectly... Jesus, allow me to save many souls, do not let souls be lost today, let all souls in purgatory be saved.. "On September 24, public ceremony followed filled with 'sadness and bitterness'. "ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se found himself quite young, alone enough, to weep over the absence of Bishop Hugonin, PÃÆ'¨re Pichon, in Canada, and his own father, still confined in a mental hospital". But Mother Marie de Gonzague writes to the prioress of Tours, "The angel's son is seventeen and a half, with a thirty-year-old sense, the religious perfection of an old and accomplished man, and possessing himself, he is a perfect nun."
The life of a Carmelite Wise (September 1890 - February 1893)
The following years are the maturity of his vocation. ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se praying without a very sensitive emotion, he multiplied small charity acts and cared for others, did little service, without showing it to them. He accepts criticism in silence, even unjust criticism, and smiles at his unpleasant sister. He always prayed for priests, and especially for Pastor Hyacinthe Loyson, a famous preacher who had become a Sulpician and a Dominican novice before becoming a Carmelite and a province of his ordinary but who had abandoned the Catholic Church in 1869. Three years later he married a young Protestant widow, with whom he had a son. After excommunication was uttered against him, he continued to travel around France to give lectures. While the clerical papers call Loyson a "rebel monk" and Leon Bloy reviled him, ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se prayed for his "brother". He dedicated his last communion, August 19, 1897, to Father Loyson.
Pastor of Carmel, Father Youf insisted much on the fear of Hell. The preachers of the spiritual retreat at the time did not refrain from emphasizing sin, purgatory suffering, and hell. This did not help the ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se which in 1891 experienced, "a great inner trials of all kinds, sometimes even wondering if heaven exists." One phrase that was heard during the sermon made her cry - "Nobody knows whether they are worthy of love or hate." But the October 1891 retreat was preached by Father Alexis Prou, a Franciscan from Saint-Nazaire. "He specializes in large crowds (he preaches in factories) and does not seem to be the right person to help Carmelite.Only one of them finds comfort from him, Sister ThÃÆ'¨rÃÆ'¨se of Jesus the Son... [he] preached in ignorance and mercy expanded his heart ".
This confirms ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se in its own intuition. He wrote, "My soul is like a book the pastor reads better than I do, he launches me completely over the wave of trust and love that has such appeal to me, but on top of that I do not dare to explore." He told me that my faults do not offend God. "His spiritual life is increasing in the Gospel he brings with him all the time. His time piety was given more comment, but ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se had asked CÃÆ'Â © the line to get the Gospel and St Paul's Letters tied into a small volume that he could carry in his heart. He said, "But especially the gospel that sustained me during my prayer hours, because in it I found what was needed for my poor little soul, I continued to discover in it a new light, a hidden and mysterious meaning."
More ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se realize that he feels uninterested in the high altitude "great souls". He searched for Jesus' words, explaining his prayers and his daily life. The ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se Retreat in October of 1892 showed him a "down" path. When asked where she lives, she thinks she should not be able to answer with Christ, "The foxes have their nests, the birds in heaven, their nests, but I have no place to rest my head." (Matthew 8:20). He wrote to the CÃÆ' Â © line (letter of October 19, 1892), "Jesus raised us above all the fragile things of this world that the image disappears.Like Zacchaeus, we climb the tree to see Jesus and now let us hear what he says. We are preparing to go down, I must propose today in your house.Well, Jesus told us to come down? "" A question here about the interior, "he qualified in his letter, lest CÃÆ'Â © l think he meant leaving food or shelter. "ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se knows his kindness, even his love, becomes deformed, defective by self, mirror is too dark to reflect the divine." He kept trying to find a way, "to more efficiently disarm himself". "No doubt, [our hearts] are empty of beings, but, unfortunately, I feel mine is not entirely empty of myself, and for this reason Jesus told me to come down."
Selection of Mrs. Agnes
On February 20, 1893, Pauline was elected a prioress of Carmel and became "Mother Agnes". He pointed to a budding novice novice and made ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se his assistant. The work of guiding the students will fall primarily into the ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se. He repeated the importance of respecting the Rule: "When anyone breaks the rules, this is no reason to justify ourselves, each must act as if the order of the Order depends on his personal behavior." He also affirmed the important role of obedience in religious life. He said, "When you stop watching the perfect compass [obedience], as soon as the mind wanders in the dry land where the water of grace soon be lacking."
Over the next few years he revealed a talent for clarifying the teachings to those who have not received as much education as him. A kaleidoscope, whose three mirrors convert colored pieces of paper into beautiful designs, provides an inspired illustration for the Holy Trinity. "During our actions, even the smallest ones, do not move away from the focus of Divine Love, the Holy Trinity, symbolized by three mirrors, enabling them to reflect the beautiful beauty Jesus, who thinks us through a small lens, that By saying, , always see beauty in everything we do, but if we leave the focus of unspeakable love, what will He see? Bits of straw... dirty, worthless acts ". "Another cherished image is a newly discovered elevator, a vehicle often used to describe God's grace, a force that lifts us to a height we can not reach ourselves." His Sister Cà ©  © Line memo is filled with many examples from the teacher ThÃÆ' © rÃÆ'¨se. "CÃÆ'  © line: - 'Oh! When I think how much I should get!' ThÃÆ'  © rÃÆ'¨se: - 'On the contrary, how much you should lose! Jesus Himself will fill your soul with treasure of the same size as you move your imperfection out of the way.' And CÃÆ'  © line tells of the ThÃÆ' © rÃÆ'¨se which is told of egoism.  € Å"ThÃÆ'  © rÃÆ'¨se, 28 months, visited Le Mans and was given a basket of candy, at the top there were two sugar circles.'Oh "There's a sugar ring for cà © cà © as well!" On the way to the station, the basket is turned upside down, and one of the sugar circles disappears.'Ah, I no longer have a sugar ring for the poor CÃÆ' © line! ' Reminded me of the incident he observed: 'Look how deeply we are rooted in this self-love! Why is the sugar ring CÃÆ'  © line, and not mine, missing?' Martha of Jesus, a novice who spent his childhood in a number of orphanages and which everyone describes as emotionally unbalanced, with a violent temperament, testifies during the beatification process of 'unusual dedication and the presence of his young teacher.' ThÃÆ'  © rÃÆ'¨se deliberately sought out the friends of the nuns whose temperament was most difficult to bear. "What benefits are there in acting generously toward naturally loved ones? ThÃÆ'  © rÃÆ'¨se goes out of his way to spend time together, and therefore to love, those whom he finds repellent. is an effective way to achieve internal poverty, a way to remove a place to rest its head "
In September 1893, ThÃÆ'  © rÃÆ'¨se, who had been a recognized student for a standard of three years, was asked not to be promoted but to continue an infinite beginner. As a beginner he always had to ask permission from another sister. He will never be elected to any important position. Keeping in close touch with other students, she can continue to care for her spiritual expenses. In 1841 Jules Michelet devoted most of his fifth volume of his book History of France to a lucrative presentation of the Joan of Arc epic, the Maid of Orleans. Felix Dupanloup worked relentlessly to glorify Joan, who on May 8, 1429 liberated Orlà © ans, the city where he became bishop in 1849. ThÃÆ' © rÃÆ'¨se wrote two plays in honor of his childhood hero, the first about Joan's Respond the heavenly voice calling him to battle, the second about his martyrdom.
1894 brought Joan of Arc national celebration. On January 27, Leo XIII endorsed the introduction of the cause of his beatification, declaring Joan, the shepherd of Lorraine 'honorable'. ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se uses Henri Wallon's history of Joan of Arc - a book that his uncle, Isidore, gave to Carmel - to help him write two plays, "pious recreation," "pieces of small plays done by several nuns for the rest community, on a particular holiday occasion. "The first, Joan of Arc Mission was conducted in Carmel on January 21, 1894, and the second The invention of the "little path"
ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se entered Carmel from Lisieux with a determination to become a saint. By the end of 1894, however, six full calendar years as a Carmelite made him realize how small and insignificant he was. He saw the limitations of all his efforts. He remains small and very far from the unfailing love he wants to train. He understood that at the time it was so small that he had to learn to ask God for help. Along with his camera, CÃÆ' Â © line has brought along a notebook with him, parts of the Old Testament, which are not owned by ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se in Carmel. (The Louvain Bible, a French-allowed translation of Catholicism, excludes the Old Testament). In the notebook, ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se discovers a passage from Proverbs who struck him with special power: "Whoever is small, let him come to me" ( 9: 4 ).
From the Book of Isaiah 66: 12-13 , he was surprised by the other part: "You will be carried to the breast, and on their knees will caress you.As a loving mother, so I will comfort you." He concludes that Jesus will bring him to the pinnacle of chastity. The smallness of ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se, its limits, be like this because of joy, more than despair. It is only in Manuscript C of his autobiography that he gives to this invention by the name of a small path, little voie .
I will find a way to get into Heaven in a few ways - very short and straight, a bit completely new. We live in an age of discoveries; Nowadays rich people do not have to trouble to climb stairs, they have elevators instead. Well, I mean to try and find a ride with which I can be resurrected to God, because I am too small to climb the steep steps of perfection. [...] So, Your arm, Jesus, is the lift that should bring me up even to Heaven. To get there I do not have to grow; otherwise, i have to keep it small, i must be less.
In his quest for holiness, he believes that there is no need to achieve heroic action, or great deeds, to achieve holiness and to express his love for God. He wrote, Love proves himself by deed, so how do I show my love? Great deeds forbid me. The only way I can prove my love is to spread the flowers and these flowers are every small sacrifice, every sight and word, and least acts for love.
Therese's small way is the foundation of his spirituality. In the Catholic Church the way ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se is known for some time as "a childhood spiritual path," but ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se actually wrote "little way" only three times, and he never wrote the phrase " spirituality. "It was his sister, Pauline, who, after the death of ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se, adopted the phrase" a childhood spiritual path "to interpret the path of TÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se. Years after the death of ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se, a Carmelite from Lisieux asked Pauline about this phrase and Pauline replied spontaneously "But you know very well that ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se never used it! It's mine." In May 1897, ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se wrote to Father Adolphe Roulland, "My way is all belief and love." For Maurice BelliÃÆ'¨re he writes, "and I, with my path , will do more than you, so I hope that someday Jesus will make you walk the same way as me."
Occasionally, when I read a spiritual pamphlet where perfection is manifested by a thousand hurdles, surrounded by an illusion crowd, my poor little mind is rapidly darting. I closed the learned book which broke my head and dried my heart, and I took the Bible. Then all seemed to glow for me; one word reveals to my soul unlimited horizons; perfection seems simple; I see that it is enough to recognize the absence of a person and leave himself, like a child, into the arms of God. Going to great souls, to great minds, wonderful books I can not understand, I rejoice being small because only children, and those who are like them, will be accepted at the celestial banquet.
Offer to love
At the end of the second drama written by Joan of Arc, the costume she was wearing almost burned. Alcohol stoves are used to represent stocks in Rouen burning screens behind where ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se stands. ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se did not budge but the incident marked him. The theme of fire will assume an increasingly large place in his writings. On June 9, 1895, during a mass celebrating the Holy Trinity, ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se was suddenly inspired that he should offer himself as a sacrificial sacrifice for compassion . At this time some nuns offer themselves as victims of God's justice . . Inside his cell, he drew the 'Act of Oblation' for himself and for the line CÃÆ'Â ©, and on June 11, both kneeled before the Magical Virgin and ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se read the document he wrote and signed. In the night of this life, I will appear before you empty-handed, for I do not ask your master to count my works. According to Ida GÃÆ'¶rres biographer, the document echoes the happiness she has. felt that Father Alexis Prou, the Franciscan preacher, had assured him that his mistake did not cause God's sadness. In the Oblat he wrote, "If through weakness I have the chance to fall, a glimpse of your eyes instantly cleanses my soul, and consumes all my imperfections - when the fire turns everything into itself. .
In August 1895 Martin's four sisters joined their cousin Marie Guerin in religion, Sister Marie of the Eucharist. LÃÆ' Â © onie, after several attempts, became Sister FranÃÆ'§oise-ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se, a nun in the Order of the Holy Mary in Caen, where she died in 1941.
At the age of 14, he understood his call to pray for priests, to be "apostles to the apostles". In September 1890, on his canonical examination before he acknowledged his religious vow, he was asked why he had come to Carmel. He replied, "I came to save the soul, and especially to pray for the priests". Throughout his life he prayed earnestly for the priests, and he corresponded with and prayed for a young priest, Adolphe Roulland, and a young seminarian, Maurice BelliÃÆ'¨re. He wrote a letter to his sister, "Our mission as Carmelites is to form evangelical workers who will save the thousands of lives whose mother will become us."
In October 1895 a young seminarian and a subdeacon of the White Father Abba BelliÃÆ'¨re asked Carmel of Lisieux for a nun who would support - with prayer and sacrifice - his missionary work, and the souls of the future to be entrusted to him. Mrs. Agnes pointed at ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se. He never met Father BelliÃÆ'¨re but ten letters passed between them.
A year later, Father Adolphe Roulland (1870-1934) from the Foreign Missions Institute requested the same service from Lisieux Carmel. Again ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se was assigned the duty spiritual sister . "It is clear that ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se, despite all his admiration for the priesthood office, in both cases felt himself as a teacher and giver, it was he who entertained and warned, encouraged and praised, answered questions, offered corroboration, and instructed priests in the sense he in a small way ".
Recent years
The last years of ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se are marked by the continuing deterioration that he gave birth firmly and without complaint. Tuberculosis is a key element of the recent affliction of ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se, but he sees it as part of his spiritual journey. After observing Fast Fast Fasting in 1896, he went to sleep on Good Friday night and felt an exhilarating sensation. He wrote: "Oh! How sweet is this memory!... I almost do not put my head on the pillow when I feel something like the flow of water bubbling to my lips. I do not know what it is." The next morning her handkerchief was soaked with blood and she understood her fate. Coughing up blood means tuberculosis, and tuberculosis means death. He writes, "I immediately thought of the fun things I had to learn, so I went to the window, I could see that I was not wrong Ah! My soul was filled with great consolation, I insisted that Jesus, His own death, wanted me to hear His first call! "
ThÃÆ'  © rÃÆ'¨se corresponded with the Carmelite mission in what was then Indochina France and was invited to join them, but, due to his illness, was unable to travel. As a result of tuberculosis, he suffered greatly. When he almost died, "His physical suffering continues to increase so that even the doctor himself is encouraged to exclaim," Ah! If you only know what this young nun feels! "In the last hours of life Thà © rÃÆ'¨se, he said," I would never believe that it is possible to suffer so much, never, never! "In July 1897, he made his final move to the convent hospital.On August 19, 1897, he received his final communion.He died on September 30, 1897, aged 24. On his deathbed he reportedly said," I have reached the point can not suffer anymore, because all suffering is sweet to me. "His last words were," My God, I love you! "
ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se was buried on October 4, 1897, in the Carmelite plot, at the city cemetery in Lisieux, where his parents were buried. His body was dug in September 1910 and the remains were placed in coffins and moved to another tomb. In March 1923, however, before he was beatified, his body was returned to Carmel of Lisieux, where it remained. The figure of ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se in the glass coffin is not its original body but a statue of gisant based on images and photographs by CÃÆ'Â © line after the death of ThÃÆ'Â © rÃÆ'¨se. It contains the ribs and the remains of his body.
Maps Thérèse of Lisieux
Spirituality
To the right and to the left, I threw into the small birds my good wheat which God put in my hands. And then I let everything take their step! I am no longer busy with myself. Sometimes, as if I did not throw anything; at other times, it's good. But God told me: 'Give, give it always, regardless of the result' .
Together with Saint Francis of Assisi, Saint ThÃÆ' © rÃÆ'¨se of Lisieux was one of the most popular Roman Catholic saints since the days of the apostles. He is approachable, partly because of his historical closeness. Barbara Stewart, writing for The New York Times , formerly called ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se "... Emily Dickinson from Roman Catholic saints".
As a Doctor of the Church, he is the subject of many theological commentaries and studies, and, as a young woman whose message has touched the lives of millions, he remains the focus of many popular devotions. He is a very influential model of holiness for Catholics in the first half of the twentieth century because of the simplicity and practicality of his approach to spiritual life.
ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se was devoted to Eucharistic meditation and on February 26, 1895, shortly before he died writing from his memory and without the rough draft of his poetic masterpiece "To Live by Love" he created during the Eucharist of meditation. During his life, the poem was sent to various religious communities and included in his poetry notebook.
ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se lives a hidden life and "wants to be unknown", but becomes popular after his death through his spiritual autobiography. He also left letters, poems, religious dramas, prayers, and the last conversation recorded by his sister. The paintings and photographs - mostly the work of his brother CÃÆ' Â © line - further caused him to become known.
ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se said on his deathbed, "I just love simplicity, I have the horror of pretense," and he speaks against some of the claims made about the life of the saints written in his day, "We can not say things which is impossible, or things we do not know.We must see their real life, and not their imagined life. "The depth of his spirituality, which he says," my way is all belief and love ", has inspired many believers. In the face of his simplicity he believed in God to be his holiness. He wants to go to heaven in a whole new way. "I want to find an elevator that will lift me to Jesus". The elevator, he writes, is the arm of Jesus who raised him in all his simplicity.
The Son of Jesus and the Holy Face
Devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus was promoted by another Carmelite nun, Sister Marie of St Peter in Tours, France in 1844. Later by Leo Dupont, also known as the Holy Face Apostle who formed the "Archconfraternity of the Sacred Face" > in Tours in 1851. Therese joined in this confraternity on 26 April 1885. His parents, Louis and ZÃ © lie Martin, also had prayed in the Holy Face Oratorium, founded by Dupont on the Tour. This devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus is based on the image of Veil Veronika, as promoted by Dupont, rather than the Shroud of Turin, whose image first appeared in a negative photo in 1898.
On January 10, 1889, he was given a habit and received the name ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se from the Son of Jesus. On September 8, 1890, ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se took his oath. The taking the veil followed on the 24th, when he added his name to religion, "Holy Face", a title that became increasingly important in his development and inner character. life. In his book "A l'ecole de Therese de Lisieux: maitresse de la vie spirituelle," Bishop Guy Gaucher emphasized that Therese saw devotion to the Son of Jesus and to a fully connected Holy Face so he signed his own "Therese de l 'Enfant Jesus de la Sainte Face "- Therese of the Child Jesus from the Sacred Face. In his poem "My Heaven down here" , compiled in 1895, Therese expressed the idea that by the unity of divine love, the soul takes on Christ's likeness. By contemplating the suffering associated with the Holy Faces of Jesus, he felt he could become closer to Christ. He wrote the words "Make me look like you, Jesus!" on a small card and paste the stamp with the image of the Sacred Face. He pinned the prayer in a small container above his heart.
ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se wrote many prayers to express his devotion to the Holy Face. In August 1895, in "Canticle to the Holy Face," he wrote: "Jesus, your indescribable image is the star who guides my steps Ah, you know, Your sweet face is for me Heaven on earth My love finds charms of Your Face adorned with tears.I smile through my own tears as I reflect on your sorrow. "
ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se emphasizes God's compassion in birth and passion stories in the Gospels. He writes, "He saw it broken, covered in blood!... unrecognizable!... But the divine Son did not tremble, this is what He pill
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments