Fasting is abstinence or subtraction from some or all foods, drinks, or both, for a certain period of time. An
In a physiological context, fasting may refer to the metabolic status of a person who has not eaten overnight, or to metabolic conditions achieved after digestion and complete food absorption. Some metabolic adjustments occur when fasting. Some diagnostic tests are used to determine the state of fasting. For example, a person is assumed to fast after 8-12 hours has passed since the last meal. Metabolic changes of the fasting state begin after the absence of eating (usually 3-5 hours after meals).
Rapid diagnostics refers to prolonged fasting (from 8 to 72 hours, depending on age) performed under observation to facilitate investigation of health complications, usually hypoglycemia. Many people may also fast as part of a medical or examination procedure, such as preceding a colonoscopy or surgery. Fasting can also be part of religious rituals.
Video Fasting
Health effects
Medical applications
Fasting is always performed before surgery or other procedures requiring general anesthesia because of the risk of lung aspiration from gastric contents after induction of anesthesia (ie, vomiting and inhaling vomit, causing life-threatening aspiration pneumonia). In addition, certain medical tests, such as a cholesterol test (lipid panel) or certain blood glucose measurements require fasting for several hours so that baseline data can be made. In the case of lipid panels, failure to fast for a full 12 hours (including vitamins) would warrant an increase in triglyceride measurements.
Cancer
The restriction of fasting or intermittent calories may affect the development of cancer and tumors, but is not currently used as a form of treating cancer. In 2011, the American Cancer Society recommends that people undergoing chemotherapy increase their intake of protein and calories, but provide evidence that short-term fasting periods may have benefits during chemotherapy. Chronic fasting is not recommended for people with cancer at risk for weight loss or a suppressed immune system.
Mental health and psychiatry
Fasting can help relieve some symptoms of depression. But the psychological effects also include anxiety and depression.
Weight
Although fasting for a period shorter than 24 hours has proven effective for weight loss in obese and healthy adults and for maintaining lean body mass, some researchers argue that using fasting to lose weight is not necessary.
Maps Fasting
Other effects
It has been argued that fasting makes one appreciate more food.
In rare events, fasting can cause refeeding syndrome.
Political apps
Fasting is often used as a tool to make political statements, to protest, or to bring awareness to a goal. The hunger strike is a nonviolent method of resistance in which participants fast as political protests, or to provoke guilt, or to achieve goals such as policy changes. A spiritual fast combines personal spiritual beliefs with a desire to express personal principles, sometimes in the context of social injustice.
Political and religious leader Mohandas K. Gandhi made some long fasts as political and social protests. Gandhi fasting has a significant impact on the British Raj and the Indian population in general.
In Northern Ireland in 1981, a detainee, Bobby Sands, was part of a 1981 Irish hunger strike, protesting better rights in prison. Sands has just been elected to the British Parliament and died after 66 days of not eating. His funeral was attended by 100,000 people and the strike ended only after 9 others died. Overall, ten people survived without food for 46 to 73 days.
CÃÆ' Â © sar ChÃÆ'¡vez undertook a number of spiritual fasts, including a 25-day fast in 1968, promoted the principle of nonviolence, and the fasting of 'thanksgiving and hope' to prepare for civil disobedience regulated by agricultural workers. ChÃÆ'¡vez considers spiritual fasting as "personal spiritual transformation". Other progressive campaigns have adopted such tactics.
Religious view
BahÃÆ'¡'ÃÆ' faith
In FaÃÆ'¡'ÃÆ' Faith, fasting is observed from sunrise to sunset during the month of Baha'a 'Ala' (March 1st or 2nd - 19th March or 20th). BahÃÆ'¡'u'llÃÆ'¡h set guidelines in KitÄ b-i-Aqdas. This is a complete taboo of food and drink during the day (including no smoking). Consumption of prescribed drugs is not restricted. Observing fasting is an individual obligation and binding BahÃÆ'¡'ÃÆ's between 15 years (considered adult age) and 70 years. Exceptions for fasting include individuals younger than 15 or older than 70 years; those who suffer from illness; women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or menstruating; travelers who meet certain criteria; individuals whose profession involves heavy laborers and those who are severely ill, where fasting is considered dangerous. For those involved in hard work, they are advised to eat privately and generally have food that is simpler or smaller than usual.
Along with the obligatory prayer, it is one of the greatest obligations of a BahÃÆ'¡'ÃÆ'. In the first half of the 20th century, Shoghi Effendi explains: "This is essentially a period of meditation and prayer, spiritual restoration, in which believers must strive to make the necessary adjustments in their inner life, and to refresh and revive the spiritual forces which hidden in his soul, and therefore his significance and purpose are fundamentally spiritual: Fasting is symbolic, and the reminder does not abstain from selfish and worldly desires. "
Buddhism
The monks and nuns who follow the Vinaya rule usually do not eat every day after lunch. It is not regarded as a fast but more disciplined regimen that helps in meditation and good health.
Once when the Buddha was traveling in the region of Kasi along with a great monk, he spoke to them saying: I, monks, do not eat at night. Not eating at night I, monks, are aware of good health and without disease and buoyancy and strength and live in comfort. Come on, do you, bhikkhus, do not eat at night. Do not eat at night you too, monks, will realize good health and... live in comfort
Fasting is done by lay Buddhists during intensive meditation, such as retreats. During the period of fasting, followers really get lost from eating animal products though, they allow the consumption of milk. In addition, they also avoid eating processed foods and five sharp foods; garlic, onion, garlic, asana, leeks. The Middle Way refers to avoiding extreme pampering on one side and self-mortification on the other. Before attaining Buddhahood, the prince Siddhartha practiced a short regime of tightening tightness - after years of quiet meditation under two teachers - where he consumed little food. This dispute with the other five ascetics does not lead to progress in meditation, liberation (moksha), or the ultimate goal of nirvana. Since then, the prince Siddhartha practiced moderation in eating which he then advocated for his disciples. However, in the days of Uposatha (about once a week) lay Buddhists are commanded to obey the eight precepts that include refrain from eating after noon until the next morning. Eight precepts are very similar to the ten genealogies of vinaya for the novice monks and nuns. Beginner's precepts are similar to additional restrictions on money handling.
Vajrayana's practice of Nyung Ne is based on the practice of tantra from Chenrezig. It is said that Chenrezig appeared to an Indian nun who had leprosy and was on the verge of death. Chenrezig taught him the Nyung Ne method in which a person keeps the eight precepts on the first day, then refrains from food and water on the second. Although it seems to oppose the Middle Way, this practice is to experience the negative karma of self and all other living beings and, thus, is seen as useful. Other self-destruction is not recommended.
Christianity
Fasting is a practice in some Christian denominations and is carried out collectively during certain seasons of the liturgical calendar, or individually as a believer who feels led by the Holy Spirit. In Western Christianity, fasting is observed by many Catholic Church communions, Lutheran Churches, Methodist Churches, Reformed Churches, Anglican Communions, and Western Orthodox Churches and is a forty-day partial fasting to commemorate the fast observed by Christ during his temptations in the desert. While some Western Christians observe Fast Fasting as a whole, Ash Wednesday and Good Friday are currently emphasized by West Christian denominations as normative days of fasting in the fresh season.
In traditional Black Fast, which is observant from food all day to night, and at sunset, it is traditionally breaking the fast. In India and Pakistan, many Christians continue to observe the Black Fast on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday, with some fasting in this way throughout the entire Lent season.
Partial fasting in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (abstaining from meat and milk) that occurs during certain times of the year and lasts for weeks.
Roman Catholic
For Roman Catholics, fasting, taken as a technical term, is the reduction of one's dietary intake for one complete meal (which may not contain meat on Ash Wednesday and Friday throughout Lent) and two snacks (known as liturgis as collection, taken in morning and evening), the two together should not match the great food. Eating solid foods between meals is not allowed. Fasting is needed from the faithful between the ages of 18 and 59 on certain days. Abstinence total meat for the day required from those aged 14 years and over. The partial taboo dictates that meat is drunk only once during the day. Meat is understood not to include fish or cold-blooded animals.
Pope Pius XII initially relaxed some of the rules of fasting in 1956. In 1966, Pope Paul VI in his apostolic constitution Paenitemini changed the requirements of strictly Roman Catholic fasting. He recommends the fasting according to the local economic situation, and that all Catholics voluntarily fast and abstain. In the United States, there are only two days of fasting - Ash Wednesday and Good Friday. The Fridays of Lent are days of abstinence: eating meat is not allowed. Pastoral teachings since 1966 have urged voluntary fasting during Lent and voluntary taboos on other Fridays each year. Regulations on such activities do not apply when the ability to work or the health of a person will be negatively affected.
Prior to the changes made by Pius XII and Paul VI, fasting and ban were more strictly regulated. The Church has established that Roman Catholics fast or abstain on a number of days throughout the year.
In addition to the above mentioned fasts, Roman Catholics should also observe the Quick Eucharist, which involves taking nothing but water and medicine into the body for an hour before receiving the Eucharist. The ancient practice was to fast from midnight to the Mass of the day, but as Mass after noon and in the evening became common, this was quickly converted into fasting for three hours. The current law requires only one hour of rapid eucharist, though some Roman Catholics still adhere to the longer rules.
Daily language, fasting, abstinence, fast Eucharist, and personal offering discipline (such as candy disorders for Lent or the like) are referred to as fasting.
The Catholic Church also promotes Black Fast, where in addition to water, bread is consumed. Usually, this form of fasting is only used by monks and other religious individuals who practice forgery and asceticism, but all Catholics are invited to take part in it with the advice and approval of their Spiritual Director.
Anglicanism
The General Prayer Book sets forth certain days as a day for fasting and abstention, "comprising 40 days of Lent, councils, three days of rogues (Monday to Wednesday after Sundays after the Day of Ascension), and all Friday in the year ( except Christmas, if it falls on Friday) ":
A Table of Vigils, Fasts, and Days of Abstinence, to Be Observed in This Year.
- evokes (vigils) before:
- The Birth of our Lord.
- Purifying the Blessed Virgin Mary.
- The Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin.
- Easter Day.
- Increment Day.
- Pentecost.
- St. Matthias.
- St. John Baptist.
- St. Peter.
- St. James.
- St. Bartholomew.
- St. Matthew.
- St. Simon and St. Jude.
- St. Andrew.
- St. Thomas.
- All Saints' Day.
- Note: if any of these Feast days fall on Mondays, then Vigil or Fast-Day will be saved on Saturday, and not on the following Sunday before that.
- Days of Fasting, or Abstinence.
- I. The Forty Days of Lent.
- II. The Ember-Days at the Four Seasons, being Wednesday, Friday and Saturday after First Sunday in Lent, Pentecost, September 14 and December 13.
- III. The Three Rogation Days, being Mondays, Tuesdays, and Wednesdays, before White Thursday, or the Ascension of our Lord.
- IV. All Fridays in Year, except Christmas Day.
The Saint Augustine Prayer Book defines "Fasting, usually means no more than a light breakfast, one full meal, and one and a half meals, on forty Lent days." Abstinence, according to the Saint Augustine Prayer Book, "means to refrain from certain types of food or drink.One traditional taboo expression is to avoid meat on Fridays in Lent or year-round, except in Christmas and Easter season It is common to take some action abstain during the full season of Lent.this self-discipline can help at other times, as an act of solidarity with those in need or as an expression of body prayer. "
In the process of revising the General Prayer Book in various provinces of the Anglican Guild, the specifications of abstinence or fasting for certain days have been maintained. Generally Lent and Friday are set aside, although Friday during Christmastide and Eastertide is sometimes avoided. Often the Ember days or Poll days are also determined, and the nights (warnings) of certain parties.
Eastern Orthodox
For Eastern Orthodox Christians, fasting is an important spiritual discipline, found both in the Old and New Testaments, and is bound to a principle in Orthodox theology of the synergy between the body (Greek: soma ) and the soul (< i> pneuma ). That is, Orthodox Christians do not see the dichotomy between body and soul but regard it as a unified whole, and they believe that what happens to one affects the other (this is known as the psychosomatic union between body and soul). Saint Gregory Palamas argues that the human body is not an enemy but a partner and a collaborator with the soul. Christ, by taking the human body to the Incarnation, has made the flesh an endless source of sanctification. This same concept is also found in the homilies of the great Saint Yuarius which was much earlier.
Fasting can take a significant portion of the calendar year. The purpose of fasting is not to suffer, but according to the Holy Tradition to guard against greed and dirty thoughts, deeds and words. Fasting should always be accompanied by increased prayer and charity (donating to a local charity, or directly to the poor, depending on the circumstances). Fasting without them is considered worthless or even spiritually dangerous. Repentance from one's sins and reaching out to love for others is part of true fasting.
Fast day
There are four fasting seasons, which include:
- Great Lent (40 days) and Holy Week (7 days),
- Nativity Fast (40 days),
- Apostles' Fast (long variable), and
- Dormition Fast (2 weeks)
Wednesday and Friday are also fast days of the year (with the exception of the fast-free period). In some Orthodox monasteries, Monday is also observed as the fast days (Monday dedicated to the Angels, and monasticism is called "the life of angels").
Other days occur that are always observed as fasting days:
- The paramony or Eve of Christmas and Theophany (Epiphany)
- The beheading of John the Baptist
- Cross elevation
Rules
Fasting during these times includes abstinence from:
- oil (interpreted as a variety of abstentions from olive oil only, or as an abstention of all cooking oil in general), and
- red wine (which is often interpreted as including all wine or alcoholic beverages)
- sexual activity (where fasting is pre-communion)
When the feast occurs on fasting days, fasting is often reduced (reduced) to some extent (although meat and milk are never consumed on any fasting day). For example, the Feast of the War is almost always the case in the Lenten Period of the Orthodox calendar: in this case fish (usually haddock fried with olive oil) was the main meal of the day.
There are two degrees of mitigation: the wine and oil reserves; and allowances of fish, wine and oil. Lactating mothers who are very young and very old, who are weak, and those who fast can endanger their health somehow, are freed from the most stringent rules of fasting.
In the weekdays of the first week of Great Lent, fasting is very heavy, and many observe it by abstaining from all the food for some period of time. According to strict obedience, in the first five days (Monday to Friday) there are only two meals, one on Wednesday and the other on Friday, both after the Liturgy Presanctified. Those who can not follow strict observance can eat on Tuesdays and Thursdays (but not, if possible, on Mondays) at night after Vespers, when they can take bread and water, or maybe tea or fruit juice, but not cooked eat. The same tight abstentions were observed during Holy Week, except that vegan food with wine and oil was allowed on Good Thursday.
On Wednesdays and Fridays of the first week of Great Lent, the food consumed consists of xerophagy (literally "dried") ie boiled or raw vegetables, fruits, and nuts. In a number of monasteries, and in the homes of the more pious layman, xerophagy is observed on every working day (Monday to Friday) from the Great Lent, except when wine and oil are allowed.
Those who want to receive Holy Communion continue to fast from all food and drink from the middle of the night the previous night (see Eucharistic discipline). The only exception is the Guild offered at the midnight liturgy of Easter Sunday, when all are explicitly invited and encouraged to receive the Eucharist, regardless of whether they have preserved the prescribed fast.
Fast-paced days
During certain celebrations, the rules of fasting have been completely abolished, and everyone in the church is encouraged to feast on a reasonable moderation, even on Wednesdays and Fridays. The free days are as follows:
- Sunny Sunday - the period from Pascha (Easter Sunday) to Thomas Sunday (Sunday after Pascha), inclusive.
- The Afterfeast of Pentecost - the period from Pentecost Sunday to Sunday All Saints, inclusive.
- The period from the Nativity to (but not including) the night of Theophany (Epiphany).
- Theophany's day.
Methodism
In Methodism, fasting is considered one of the Works of Piety. The Discipline of the Wesleyan Methodist Church requires the Methodist to fast on "the first Friday after New Year's Day, after the Mistress, after mid-summer, and after Michaelmas day." Historically, the Methodist minister was required to fast on Wednesday, as a memorial of Christ's betrayal, and on Friday, to remember his crucifixion and death. The "Methodist Church General Rules," written by Methodist founder John Wesley, writes that "It is hoped that all who wish to continue in this society that they must continue to prove their desire for salvation by attending to all the ordinances of God, is the worship of God in general, the ministry of the Word, whether read or deciphered, the Lord's Supper, family and personal prayer, the search for Scripture, and fasting or abstinence. "The direction given to the Societies Band (25 December 1744) commanded fasting on all days Friday this year. Wesley himself also fasted before receiving Holy Communion "for the purpose of focusing his attention on God," and called on other Methodist Christians to do the same. In accordance with the Scriptures and the teachings of the Church Fathers, fasting in Methodism is done "from morning till evening". The historic Methodist Homilies of the Sermon on the Mount also stress the importance of Fast Fasting. Therefore, the United Methodist Church states that:
There is a strong biblical basis for fasting, especially during the 40-day Lentend that leads to the Passover celebration. Jesus, as part of his spiritual preparation, went to the desert and fasted 40 days and 40 nights, according to the Gospel.
Good Friday, which is towards the end of the bargaining season, is traditionally an important day of fasting for the Methodists. Pdt. Jacqui King, minister of the Community Community of Faith Nuith in Houston explained the fasting philosophy during Lent as "I do not skip meals because at that place I really eat with God".
Oriental Orthodox
All Oriental Orthodox churches fast; however, the rules of each church are different. All churches require fasting before receiving Holy Communion. All churches practice fasting on most Wednesdays and Fridays throughout the year and observe many other days. The monks and nuns also observed the extra fast days that were not needed for the laity.
The Armenian Apostolic Church (with the exception of the Armenian Patriarchate in Jerusalem) has followed the Gregorian Calendar since 1923, making it and the Finnish Orthodox church the only Orthodox church that mainly celebrated Easter on the same date as Western Christianity. As a result, the observance of the Armenian church towards Lenten generally begins and ends before other Orthodox churches.
With the exception of fifty days after the Passover at Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, fish are not allowed during Lent, or on Wednesdays, Fridays, and Paramon. Additionally fish and shellfish are allowed during the fasting days.
Fasting discipline requires that, regardless of Saturdays, Sundays, and holy parties, one must keep the total fasting of all food and drink from midnight the night before to a certain time in the afternoon usually at three o'clock in the afternoon (the hour of Jesus dying on the Wood Cross). Also, it is preferable that one reduce the daily intake of food (typically, by eating only one meal a day).
The Orthodox Church of Tewahedo Eritrea generally follows the fasting practice of the Coptic Church but in some cases follows the Ethiopian Church.
The Ethiopian Tewahedo Orthodox Church has a very strict fasting calendar.
Fasting in the Ethiopian Church implies abstinence from food and drink. No animal products are consumed, including dairy products, eggs and meat, and equipment that has touched the product should be washed before touching the strict vegan food consumed during fasting days. During the fast period, the Holy Liturgy (Mass) is held during the day (except on Saturdays and Sundays), and since no food can be consumed before communion, it is traditional for people to abstain from food until the masses end (about 2 to 3 in the afternoon). Every Wednesday and Friday are fasting days because Wednesday is the day when God is cursed and Friday is the day where He was crucified (Wednesday and Friday between Easter Sunday and Pentecost Sunday is the exception also when Christmas or Epiphany falls on Wednesday or Friday). The fasts set out in the canon of the Ethiopian Church are:
- 1. Lent including the 10-day Holy and 10-day Fast Cross proclaimed by Byzantine Hereaclus Emperor (known as Hudadi, Abiye Tsom or Tsome Eyesus), 56 days.
- 2. Fasting of the Apostles, 10-40 days, which the Apostles kept after they received the Holy Spirit. It started after Pentecost (known as Tsome Hwariat).
- 3. Fasting Assumption of the Holy Virgin, 16 days in August (known as Tsome Filseta).
- 4. Christmas Eve (Gahad ze Lidet) and Epiphany Night, (Gahad ze Timket).
- 5. Advent, 40 days (Known as Tsome Gena which started with "Sibket" on 15 Hedar and ends on Christmas Eve).
- 6. Fasting Nineveh, commemorating the preaching of Jonah. (On Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday of the third week before Lent.
- 7. All Wednesdays and Fridays of the year except those falling between Easter Sunday and Pentecost Sunday.
In addition to this, there is a repentant fast that one keeps after sinning, it is imposed as a penance by the priest for seven days, forty days or a year. There is also a fast which the bishop keeps on the day he is sanctified. There is also a widely observed fast but is not yet included in the church canon and is therefore considered to be very optional like "Tsige Tsom" or Spring Fast, also known as "Kweskwam Tsom" which marks the alienation of the Holy Family in Egypt.
Anyone over the age of 13 is expected to observe the church's fast. Most children over the age of 7 are expected to observe at least the Fast of the Assumption of the Holy Virgin. Dispensations are given to the sick.
The total number of fasting days is about 250 per year. While many people observe the Coptic Church's allowance for fish during the longer fasting, it has become increasingly a practice in the Ethiopian Church to keep away from fish during all fasting in accordance with the canon of the Ethiopian Church.
The observations of Lent in the Syrian Orthodox Church were very strict but now relatively soft compared to how they were observed in other Orthodox Churches.
Eastern Church
The Assyrian Church in the East fasts during the Lent, seven weeks before Easter, where faithful people keep away from eating eggs, meat and dairy products or animals. This is preceded by Somikka night.
The Eastern Church strictly observes the Rapid Niniwe (Som Baoutha). This annual warning occurs exactly 3 weeks before the start of Lent. This tradition has been practiced by all Christians from the Syrian tradition since the 6th century. At that time, the plague struck the region of Nineveh, modern northern Iraq. The plague destroyed the surrounding towns and villages, and desperately people ran to their bishops to find a solution. The bishop sought help through Scripture and came to the story of Jonah in the Old Testament. After reading the story, the bishop ordered a three-day fast to ask God's forgiveness. At the end of three days, the plague miraculously stopped, so that on the fourth day the people rejoiced.
Lutheran
Martin Luther, the founder of the Lutheran Church, argues that fasting serves to "kill and subdue the pride and desires of the flesh". Thus, Lutheran churches often emphasize voluntary fasting over collective fasting, although some liturgical seasons and holy days are times for fasting together and abstinence. Certain Lutheran communities advocate fasting for a specified time such as Lent, especially on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday. The Handbook for Lenten Discipline describes the following Lutheran fasting guides:
- Fast on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday with just one simple meal during the day, usually without meat.
- Refrain from eating meat (bloody food) on all Friday in Lent, replacing fish for example.
- Eliminate food or food groups for the entire season. Especially consider storing rich and fatty foods for Easter.
- Consider not eating before receiving Communion in Lent.
- Abstain from or limit your favorite activities (television, movies, etc.) to the entire season, and spend more time in prayer, Bible lessons, and rehearsals.
It is also considered a proper physical preparation to take part in the Eucharist, but fasting is not necessary to receive the sacrament. Martin Luther writes in his Little Catechism "Preparation of fasting and physical is of course a good external practice, but someone who has faith in these words, 'given to you' and 'poured out for you for the forgiveness of sins' is truly worthy and prepared with good.. "
John Calvin, the puppet head of the Reformed tradition, argues that communal fasts "will help to alleviate God's wrath, thus fighting the destruction of plague, famine, and war." In addition, individual fasting is useful in "preparing individuals individually for prayer, as well as promoting humility, guilty pleas, gratitude for God's grace and, of course, discipling lust." Thus, many Churches in the Reformed tradition maintain a whole fast. The Reformed Church in America describes the first day of Lent, Ash Wednesday, as a day of "focusing on prayer, fasting, and repentance" and considers the fasting focus of the whole fresh season, as shown in the "Invitation to Observe the Lenten Discipline", found in the Reformed liturgy for service Ash Wednesday, read by presider:
We begin this holy season by acknowledging our need for repentance and our need for the love and forgiveness shown to us in Jesus Christ. I invite you, therefore, in the name of Christ, to celebrate the Holy Martyrdom, with self-examination and repentance, with prayer and fasting, by practicing the work of love, and by reading and meditating on God's Holy Word.
Good Friday, which is towards the end of the bargaining season, is traditionally an important day of fasting for Reformed faiths. Moreover, in the Christian/Reformed Puritan/Congregational tradition, the special days of humiliation and thanksgiving "in response to terrible agricultural and meteororological conditions, ecclesiastical, military, political and social crisis" are set for a common fast.
In recent years, many churches affected by the liturgical renewal movement have begun to encourage fasting as part of Lent and sometimes Advent, two seasons of repentance from the liturgical year. Members of the Anabaptist movement generally fasted privately. This practice is not governed by ecclesiastical authority. Some other Protestants consider fasting, usually accompanied by prayer, to be an important part of their personal spiritual experience, regardless of the liturgical tradition.
Pentecostalism
Classical Pentecostalism does not set the days of abstinence and lend, but the individual in the movement may feel that they are being directed by the Holy Spirit to perform a short or extended fast. Although Pentecostalism has not classified different types of fasting, certain writers in the movement have done so. Arthur Wallis writes about "Normal Fast" where pure water is consumed. The "Black Fast" where nothing, even water, is consumed is also mentioned. Dr. Curtis Ward points out that performing black fasting for more than three days can lead to dehydration, possibly renal damage, and death. He further notes that there is no recorded place in the New Testament that anyone has ever performed black fasting for more than three days and that person should follow this biblical guide. Dr. Herbert Shelton suggested that one should drink water according to natural thirst. In addition to Fast Normal and Black Fast, some do what is called Daniel Fast (or Partial Fast) where only one type of food (eg, fruit or fruit and non-starchy vegetables) is consumed. In Daniel Rapidly, the flesh is almost always avoided, in following Daniel's example and the refusal of his friends to eat the flesh of the Gentiles, who have been sacrificed to idols and not slaughtered in a lawful way. In some Pentecostal circles, the term "fast" is used only, and the decision to drink water is determined individually. Among other things, large amounts of purified water are recommended for consumption during the fasting period to help clean up internal toxins. Most Pentecostal writers on fasting agree with Drs. Mark Mattson who says that reasonable intermittent fasts with a reasonable water intake can strengthen the organism and help thwart degenerative diseases.
For charismatic Christian fasting is done on what is described as God's leading. Fasting is done to seek closer closeness with God, as well as petition actions. Some take regular fasting one or two days each week as spiritual obedience. Members of the holy movement, such as those initiated by John Wesley and George Whitefield, often practice fasting as usual as part of their regimen.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon)
For members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, fasting is a total abstention from food and drink accompanied by prayer. Members are encouraged to fast on the first Sunday of each month, designated as Fast Sunday. During Fast Sunday, members fast for two consecutive meals. Money saved by not having to buy and prepare food donated to the church as a fast offering, which is then used to help people in need. Members are encouraged to contribute more than just a minimal amount, and be as generous as possible. The late LDS President Gordon B. Hinckley asked: "Think... what would happen if the principles of fasting and fasting days were observed all over the world, hungry people would be fed, bare clothes, homeless people protected..... new size of concern and selfishness will grow in the hearts of people everywhere. "Fasting and related donations to be used is to help those in need, an important principle as evidenced by Church leaders addressing this issue during the General Conference of the Church, for example Blessings of the proper fasting in 2004, Is not This Fast I Choose? by 2015
Sunday Sunday service meetings include opportunities for church members to openly testify during the sacrament meeting sessions, often referred to as fasting and testimony meetings.
Fasting is also encouraged for members whenever they want to grow closer to God and to exercise self-control over the body. Members can also apply personal, family or group fast whenever they want to collect special blessings from God, including health or comfort for themselves or others.
Hinduism
Fasting is a very integral part of Hinduism. Individuals observe different types of fasting based on personal beliefs and local customs. Some are listed below.
- Some Hindus fast on certain days of the month such as Ekadasi, Pradosha, or Purnima.
- Certain days of the week are also set aside for fasting, depending on personal beliefs and favorite deities. For example, Shiva worshipers tend to fast on Monday, while worshipers of Vishnu tend to fast on Thursday and Ayyappa worshipers tend to fast on Saturday.
- Tuesday's fast is common in southern India as well as northwest India. In the south, it is believed that Tuesday is dedicated to Dewi Mariamman, a form of Goddess Shakti. The worshiper eats before the sun rises and drinks only the liquid between sunrise and sunset. In the North, Tuesday is dedicated to Lord Hanuman and fans are allowed only to consume milk and fruit between sunrise and sunset.
- Thursday's fast is common among the Hindus in northern India. On Thursday, the worshipers listen to a story before opening their fast. On Thursday fasteners also worship Vrihaspati Mahadeva. They wear yellow clothes, and yellow food is preferred. Women worship banana trees and water them. Food items made with yellow ghee. Thursday is also dedicated to the Master and many Hindus who follow the teacher will fast on this day.
- Fasting during religious festivals is also very common. Common examples are Maha Shivaratri (Most people fast fast on Maha Shivratri, do not even consume a drop of water), or nine days of Navratri (which occurs twice a year in April and October/November during Vijayadashami just before Diwali, according to the Hindu calendar). Karwa Chauth is a form of fasting practiced in parts of India where married women perform fasting for the welfare, prosperity, and longevity of their husbands. Fasting breaks down after the wife sees the moon through a sieve. In the fifth month (Shravan Maas) of the Hindu calendar, many celebrate Shraavana. During this time some will fast on the Sunday provided for the worship of their chosen god, while others will fast for a whole month.
- In the state of Andhra Pradesh, the month of Kartik (month), which begins with the day after Deepavali is often a period of fasting often (though not necessarily sustainable) for some people, especially women. Common occasions for fasting during this month include Monday (for Lord Shiva), Karthika full moon day and Naagula Chaviti opportunity.
Fasting methods also vary widely and cover a wide spectrum. If followed closely, the fasting person does not take food or water from the sunset the previous day until 48 minutes after the sun rises the next day. Fasting can also mean limiting oneself to eating during the day, not eating certain types of food or just eating certain types of food. However, fasting people should not eat or even touch animal products (ie, meat, eggs) except dairy products. Among Hindus during fasting, sprinkled objects such as Potato, Sago, and Sweet Potatoes are allowed. Other food items that are allowed include dairy products, peanuts and fruits. It should be noted that the above mentioned groundnuts and kanji are from outside India.
In Shri Vidya, one is forbidden to fast because Devi is in them, and starvation will return to starvation to the god. The only exception in Srividya for fasting is on the day of the parent's warning one died.
Mahabharata: Anushasana Parva (Buku 13)
Yudhishthira asked Bisma, "what is the highest penalty?" Bheeshma states (in section 103) "... no penalties are superior to food taboos! In this connection is read out the ancient narratives of the discourse between the Bhagiratha and the Brahman of the Great (Grandsire of the Creation).
Bhagiratha said the Oath Obligation is known by Indra. He kept it secret but USANAS first made it known to the universe. Bhagiratha said, "In my opinion, there is no higher penance than fasting." Bhagiratha made many sacrifices and gave gifts and said "the gifts that flow from me are as much as the Ganga flow itself. (But..) it is not through the benefits of these actions that I have reached this region." Bhagiratha observed the fasting pledge and reached the "Brahman region"
Bheeshma advised Yudhishthira, "Are you practicing this oath (fasting) of a very high reward that no one knows."
In section 109, from the same book, Yudhishthira asked Bheesma "what is the highest, most beneficial" and fruitful "of all kinds of fasting in the world". Bheeshma says "fasting on the 12th day of the lunar month" and worshiping Krishna, throughout the year. Krishna is worshiped in twelve forms such as Kesava, Narayana, Madhava, Govinda, Vishnu, Madhu slayer, who cover the universe in three steps, dwarves (deceiving Mahabali), Sridhara, Hrishikesha, Padmanabha, Damodara, Pundhariksha. and Upendra. After fasting, one has to feed a number of brahmins. Bheeshma says, "The famous Vishnu, the ancient creature, has said that no fasting has more than anything inherent in this kind of fast."
In section 106, from the same book, Yudhishthira says, "disposition (observing fasting) is seen in all orders of men including the very Mechecha..... What fruit is received in this world by those observing the fast?" Bheeshma replied that he has asked Angis "the same question you asked me today." The illustrious Angiras say the Brahmans and the kshatriya must fast for three nights at a maximum stretch. A person who fasts on the eighteenth and fourteenth days of the dark night "becomes free from all sorts of diseases and has great energy."
Fasting for one meal each day during the lunar month gets various awards according to the month in which he is fasting. For example, fasting for one meal each day during Margashirsha, "gain great wealth and corn".
In certain periods of time (such as Caturmasya, Fasting Ekadashi...) it is said that one who fasts these days and performs spiritual practice properly in these days is like hanging out with devotees -sha), chanting holy names of Days (Vishnu, Narayana, Rama, Krishna...) (kirtanam) and the like (shravanam, kirtanam vishno...) can be freed from sin.
Islam
Muslims believe that fasting is more than abstaining from food and drink. Fasting also includes not lying in speech and action, doing nothing indecent and indecent, and from arguing, fighting, and possessing lustful thoughts. Therefore, fasting strengthens impulse control and helps develop good behavior. During the holy month of Ramadan, believers seek to purify the body and soul and increase the taqwa (good deeds and consciousness of God). This purification of body and soul aligns the inner and outs of an individual. Muslims aim to improve their bodies by reducing food intake and maintaining a healthier lifestyle. Overindulgence in food is not recommended and just eat enough to silence the pain of starvation. Muslims believe that they must be active, take care of all their commitments and never fail in any task. At the moral level, believers seek to attain the most virtuous characteristics and apply them to their everyday situations. They try to show compassion, generosity and compassion to others, practice patience, and control their anger. In essence, Muslims are trying to improve what they believe to be good moral character and habits.
Fasting is mandatory for every Muslim a month of the year, during the month of Ramadan. Every day, fasting starts at sunrise and ends at sunset. During this time Muslims are required to remember those who are less fortunate than themselves and that brings them closer to God. It also helps provide a break for the digestive system. The non-obligatory fast is two days a week and the middle of the month, as recommended by the Prophet Muhammad.
Although fasting in Ramadan is fard (mandatory), exceptions are made for people in certain circumstances:
- Pre-paper children; although some parents will encourage their children to fast more for a shorter time, so that children are accustomed to fasting.
- Unconditional vomiting because food comes out through the intentional part of the intestine.
- Serious illness; days lost due to illness should be done after recovery.
- If someone is traveling but someone has to make the missed days when one arrives at one's destination.
- A woman during the menstrual period; although he had to count the days he missed and make it later.
- A woman until forty days after childbirth or miscarriage. But she has to count the days she spends in Ramadan or they have to donate normal people's daily meals for every day that the poor or needy have missed.
- Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. But she has to count the days she spends in Ramadan or they have to donate normal people's daily meals for every day that the poor or needy have missed.
- Persons who are sick or parents who are unable to physically fast. They should contribute normal dietary amounts of people for every day that they miss if they are financially capable.
- People who are mentally ill.
- For the elderly who will not be able to fast, lunch (or equivalent amount) will be donated to the poor or need for every day of the missed fast.
Fasting is prohibited in these days:
- Idul Fitri (First Syawal)
- Tashriq (11, 12, 13th Dhulhijjah) in accordance with Sunni Islam.
- Eid al-Adha (10th of Dhu al-Hijjah in Hijriah (Islamic calendar)). (There is no need to trust all sects and schools of thought within the Shi'ite Muslim body because the various Shi'ite sects have conflicting views)
Jainism
Before doing a quick jain, a person must make an oath, or statement of formal intent.
Judaism
Fasting for the Jews means to abstain from food and drink, including water. Traditional Jews have traditionally fasted six days of the year. With the exception of Yom Kippur, fasting was never permitted on the Sabbath, for the commandment of keeping the Sabbath as biblically ordained and putting aside the days of later rabinat fasting. (The optional minor minor of the Tevets of Tevets can also replace Shabbat, but the current calendar system prevents this from ever happening.)
Yom Kippur is considered to be the most important day of the Jewish year cycle and fasting as a means of conversion is expected of any Jewish man or woman over the age of bar mitzvah and bat mitzvah respectively. This is the only day of fasting mentioned in the Torah (Leviticus 23: 26-32). It is important to fast today, that only those who will be exposed to mortal danger by excluded fasting, such as sickness or weakness (endangering life are at odds with the core principle of Judaism). Those who eat on this day are encouraged to eat as little as possible at once and to avoid full meals. For some people, fasting on Yom Kippur is considered more important than this holy day prayer. If a person fasts, even if someone is at home in bed, a person is considered to have participated in full religious service.
The second great day of fasting is Tisha B'Av, the day about 2500 years ago where Babylon destroyed the first Temple in Jerusalem, as well as where the Romans destroyed the second Temple in Jerusalem about 2000 years ago, and then after the Bar Kokhba rebellion when the Jews were expelled from Jerusalem, Tisha B'Av's day was a permitted exception. Tisha B'Av ended a three-week mourning period beginning with the fast of the 17th of Tammuz. This is also the day when devout Jews remember much of the tragedy that befell the Jews, including the Holocaust. The atmosphere of fasting is serious and very sad (in contrast to Yom Kippur which is the day of redemption).
Tisha B'Av and Yom Kippur are the ultimate fast and observed from dusk to dusk the next day. The remaining four fasts are considered minor and the optional fast is only observed from sunrise to dusk. Both men and women can choose to observe them, and a rabbi can give a dispensation if fasting represents too much trouble for sick or weak people, or pregnant or lactating women.
Four general but small fasting days are:
- Gedaliah's fasting on the day after Rosh Hashanah
- The Fast of the 10th of Tevet
- The Fast of the 17th of Tammuz
- The Fast of Esther, which takes place just before Purim
There are other small days that are mediocre, but these are not universally observed, and they include:
- "Bahab," (literally an acronym for "Monday, Thursday, Monday") two days of the first Monday and the first Thursday of Cheshvan and Iyar months (postponed by a week if Monday is the first of the month) li>
- "Yom Kippur Katan," (literally "Little Yom Kippur") the day before Rosh Chodesh, moved back to Thursday if it was Saturday
- Fasting of the Firstborn, on the day before Passover, which applies only to the firstborn; this obligation is usually avoided by participating in siyum and eating rituals that take precedence over fasting.
It is Ashkenazic tradition for brides to fast on their wedding day before the ceremony as the day represents Yom Kippur personally. In some congregations, the prayer of repentance said at the Yom Kippur service was included by the bride in their personal prayer before the wedding ceremony.
Apart from the days of official fasting, the Jews can take a personal fast or fast together, often to seek repentance in the face of the tragedy or impending disaster. For example, fasting is sometimes observed when sefer torah is dropped. The length of the fasting varies, and some Jews will reduce the length of fasting through tzedakah, or charitable acts. Monday and Thursday are considered very lucrative days for fasting. Traditionally, one also fasts after awakening from an unexpected nightmare even though this tradition is rarely maintained today.
In the time of the Talmud, drought seems to be a frequent inspiration for fasting. In modern times, the Chief Rabbinate of Israel sometimes announces fasting in the period of drought.
Sikhism
Sikhism does not promote fasting except for medical reasons. The Sikh Gurus prevent the worshipers from engaging in this ritual because "it does not bring spiritual benefit to that person". The Sikh Scriptures, Sri Guru Granth Sahib tell us: "Fasting, daily rituals, and harsh self-discipline - those who keep this practice, are rewarded with less than a shell." (Guru Granth Sahib Ang 216).
The human mind needs wisdom, which can be achieved by meditating on words and evaluating them, torturing the body is useless: "He does not eat food, he tortures his body, without Master's wisdom he is not satisfied." (Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Ang 905)
If you stick with it, do it in such a way that you adopt compassion, well-being, and ask for the good will of all people. "Let your mind be satisfied, and be kind to all beings, in this way, your fast will succeed." (Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Ang 299)
Serving a lone God is your Savior, not indulging in rituals, he is the only one who will save you anywhere: I do not fast, nor pay attention to the month of Ramadan I only serve Yang, who will protect me in the end. || 1 || " (Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Ang 1136)
If you stay fast, to calculate your appointments every day, you will act honestly, sincerely, control your passions, mediate. This is how you make yourself free of the five thieves: "On the ninth day of the month, vow to speak the Truth, and your sexual desires, anger and desire will be eaten.On the tenth day, organize your ten doors , on the eleventh day, know that God is One.On the twelfth day, the five thieves are conquered, and then, O Nanak, the mind is happy and calm.See as soon as this, O Pandit, O scholars, what is the use of all other teachings? | 2 || " (Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Ang 1245)
Goal of Human is to meet Lord-groom, so Teacher Sahib Ji says: "Someone who throws away this grain, is practicing hypocrisy He is not a happy bride of soul, nor a widow." Those who claim in the world it is that they live with milk alone, secretly eating a lot of food. || 3 || Without these grains, time does not pass away quietly Avoid this grain, one does not meet the Lord of the World. " Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Ang 873)
"Fasting in Ekadashi, the Thakur worship (stone) one stays away from the Day involved in the Maya and the omens.Without Master's words in the company of the Saints, one gets no protection no matter how good it looks." (Bhai Gurdas Ji, Vaar 7)
Taoism
The practice of fasting originated as a Taoist technique to become an xian (? "Transcendent, immortal"), and later became Traditional Chinese medicine medicine to sanshi (?? "Three Bodies, demons of devotees, living who should be in the human body"). The Chinese interpretation of avoiding "grains", cereals "has historically varied; meaning ranges from not eating certain foods like grains, Five Cereals (Chinese), or staple foods to not eat anything like inedia, breatharianism, or aerophagia.
Yoga
In the principle of Yoga, it is recommended that one defend the spiritual fast on a certain day each week (Monday or Thursday). A fast must also be kept on the full moon day of each month. It is important on a spiritual fasting day to not only stay away from food, but also spend the whole day with a positive spiritual attitude. On the day of fasting, solid food intake during the day is avoided and only eat light vegetables around 5 pm. Water can be drunk at any time as needed. If health does not allow fasting throughout the day, for example with Diabetes, careful planning is done to reduce or skip a meal.
More
- Fast Men's Bridal - This fast is initiated by the leaders of the International Prayer House, and is observed on Monday, Tuesday, and the first Wednesday of each month. According to Matthew 9:15, the focus is intimacy with Christ, described in the Bible as the Church's bride. Fasting is accompanied by service in Kansas City, which can be accessed freely by webcast. This is observed primarily in charismatic circles.
- JeÃÆ'Â »ne genevois (lit." Geneva fasting ") is a public holiday and fasting day in the Geneva region of Switzerland, which occurred on Thursday after the first Sunday of September.
In alternative medicine
Since the mid-1970s alternative medicine has perpetuated the ideas of "cleaning the body" through fasting.
See also
- Anorexia mirabilis
- Anorexia nervosa
- asceticism
- Fast Black
- Break fast
- Calorie restrictions
- Feed
- Fruitarianism
- gastroenteritis
- Religious intolerance
- Superstitions
- Crash strike
- Hallucinations
- Inedia
- Intermittent fasting
- Juice Fasting
- Ineffective list of cancer treatments
- Poustinia
- Santhara
- Simple life
- Hunger Response
- Food and taboo drinks
- Vegetarianism and religion
References
External links
- Fasting in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
- Ã, "Fasting". EncyclopÃÆ'Â|dia Britannica . 10 (issue 11). 1911. pp.Ã, 193-198.
- Ã, "Fast". New International Encyclopedia . 1905. O'Neill, James David (1909). "Fast". Catholic Encyclopedia . 5 . Ã,
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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