Maariv or Ma'ariv (Hebrew: ?????? ?, [ma ?? '? iv] ), also known as Arvit (Hebrew: ???????? ?, [a? 'vit ] ), is a Jewish prayer service held in the evenings or evenings. It mainly consists of the night Shema and Amidah .
Service usually begins with two verses from the Psalms, followed by communal reading Barechu . The three paragraphs of the Shema are then said, both preceded and followed by two blessings, though sometimes thanks to the fifth added to the end. The hazzan (leader) then read half- Kaddish . The Amidah is said to be quiet by everyone, and, unlike in other services, does not repeat by hazzan . She read aloud Kaddish , Aleinu was read, and the marshaller Kaddish ended the service. Other occasional prayers are included including the Count of Omer (between Passover and Shavuot) and Psalm 27 (among the first of Elul and the end of Sukkot).
Maariv is usually read after sunset. However, this can be read as early as a quarter of a seasonal hour before sunset. It's only common on Friday night, to start Shabbat earlier. At the end of Shabbat and holidays, service is usually delayed until nightfall. While Maariv should be prayed before midnight, it may be read until dawn or even sunrise.
Video Maariv
Etimologi
The word Maariv is the first important word in the opening night service blessing. It comes from the Hebrew word erev , which translates into night. Maariv is the conversion of these words into verbs, which means "carry at night." Arvit is the adjective of this word, which is roughly translated as "from night".
Maps Maariv
Origin
Maariv is said to be in accordance with the evening reception at the Temple. Although no sacrifices are brought at night, parts of animals that are not burned during the day can be offered at night. Since this is not always necessary, the evening prayer is expressed as an option as well. However, the Jews have long accepted it as a duty, so it is now considered obligatory. However, there are still remnants of the original voluntary status; for example, Amidah is not repeated by the leader, unlike all other prayers.
Another explanation is that as a third prayer, Maariv corresponds to Jacob, the third patriarch. The support is brought from Genesis 28:11, which says that when Jacob left his hometown of Beersheva to go to Haran, he "met where the sun had set." The Talmud understands this to mean that Jacob prayed at night, and therefore instituted Maariv . Some suggest that he first began to read prayers after he fled from his homeland, and as a result, the service of prayer has become associated with belief in God.
Time
Generally, the first time when Maariv can be read is when the time to read Mincha ends. But there are various opinions about this. Maariv should not start before 1Ã,¼ hours before sunset. Others delay Maariv until after sunset or after dusk. This is so Shema can be read at the right time. To meet this requirement, if Maariv is read before this time, Shema is repeated later in the evening.
Back-to-back Mincha and Maariv
In many congregations, day and night prayers are read back to back, to save those who have to attend the synagogue twice. Vilna Gaon downplayed this practice, and followers of her usual set usually waited until after the night to read Ma'ariv, since the name came from the word "nightfall."
On Shabbat
On the Sabbath night, some have a habit of reading Maariv prayers earlier than usual, generally for Pelag Hamincha (1Ã,¼ hours before sunset). This is to fulfill the precepts added from the working day to the holiness of Shabbat. However, it is too early for Shema's reading, so Shema must be repeated later in this state.
Prayer included
Introductory
On weekdays, the service begins with two verses from Psalm 78:38 and 20:10.
Shema
The first major part of the service is focused on Shema Yisrael .
In a trial, Barechu , the official call of the public prayer, was read. Then, come two prayers, one praising God for creating a day and night cycle, and one thankful to God for the Torah.
Three parts of the Shema are then read.
Two more prayers were recited. The first praises God for bringing the Jews out of Egypt, and a second prayer for protection at night. Ashkenazim outside Israel (except Chabad-Lubavitch and Vilna Gaon's followers) then adds another blessing ( Baruch Adonai L'Olam ), most of which is made from a tapestry of biblical verses. However, this was eliminated on Shabbat and holidays, and by some people at the end of those days and on Chol HaMoed. (This prayer is also said by Baladi Temanim inside and out of Israel, although combined with the last blessing.)
On Shabbat and on holidays, some congregations read relevant verses at this point.
Amidah
This is followed by Shemoneh Esreh ( Amidah ). Just before that was Half Kaddish, to separate the required Shema and (optional) optional Amidah . The Amidah followed by the full Kaddish.
Closing prayer
Sephardim (and, in Israel, mostly following Nusach Sefard) then says Psalm 121 (or another topical Psalm), say the pastor Kaddish and repeat Barechu, before ending with Aleinu. Ashkenazim, in the diaspora, does not say Psalm 121 or repeats Barechu, but ends with Aleinu followed by Kaddish the Mourner (in Israel, Ashkenazim reiterates Barechu after mourning, Khaddish).
From the beginning of Elul through Hoshanah Rabbah (and outside of Israel, at Shemini Atzeret too), Nusach Ashkenaz recited Psalm 27, which contained many satire against Days and Sukkot. This was again followed by the Kaddish mourners.
Addition
Friday night
At the start of the Shabbat on Friday night, Amidah was soon followed by the reading of Genesis 1-3 which discusses God's "rest" on the seventh day of creation. Although these verses have been said during the Amidah (and will be recited again during the Kiddush at home) they are repeated. This is because when Shabbat coincides with a holiday, Amidah is not part of it.
These three verses are followed by the Seven Blessing Blessings. This is the only blessing designed to sum up the seven blessings of the Amidah, for those who arrive late. Although initially this is only said by the leader, it is now common for the congregation to read the center before the leader does it. This blessing was omitted on the first night of Easter, because it was considered a "time of refuge".
After Shabbat
As long as the service Maariv follows Shabbat, some additions are made.
A paragraph called "Ata Chonantanu" is included in the fourth blessing of Amidah. The reading of this verse officially ended Shabbat. People who forget to read this paragraph may also end the Shabbat through Havdalah or by saying the words "Blessed is He Who distinguishes between the holy and the secular."
Two parts of the prayer, "Vihi Noam" (the last verse of Psalm 90, followed by the full Psalm 91) and V'Ata Kadosh (all except the first two verses of Uva Letzion) , added to the service. Nusach Ashkenaz also added "Veyiten Lecha" (whereas Sfardim and Nusach Sefard say this at home after Havdala). These prayers are spoken of compassion for the wicked. The wicked are given a reprieve from Gehinnom during the Sabbath, and the reprieve continues until all evening prayers after Shabbat are concluded.
Omer Calculation
For seven weeks from the second night of Easter until (but not included) Shavuot, the day is counted. This is usually done during Maariv , just before Aleinu. Others delay the counting until the end of the service. If it's not late, many hearings leave the count to the individual.
Other additions
In general, relatively few prayers are added to Maariv , even on holidays, although there are exceptions. In Simchat Torah, the Torah was read during Maariv . In Purim, the Book of Esther is read, followed by V'Ata Kadosh , and on the Tish'a Ba'av Book of Lamentations and some kinnot recited, also followed by V 'Ata Kadosh . At Yom Kippur, the long sequence of Selichot is read, followed by Avinu Malkeinu (except on the Sabbath). Both on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, many of the congregations read Psalm 24. All these additions occur between Full Kaddish and Aleinu.
See also
- Shacharit
- Mincha
- Mussaf
- Ne'ila
Note
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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