A novena (from the Latin: novem , "nine") is an ancient tradition of Christian worship, consisting of personal or public prayers repeated over nine days or weeks in a row. During the novena, the worshipers make petitions, plead for help, or get mercy by worshiping Jesus Christ, and asking for intercession from the Virgin Mary or the saints of the faith. Individuals can express love and honor by kneeling, burning candles or placing flowers earlier for the person represented by the statue. In some Christian communities, the popularity of novena has diminished, in other countries such as Africa, Latin America and the Philippines, popular novena traditions and includes congregational prayer rituals, sculptural decorations, singing songs with music, and community. Fiesta shows are more than drinks, drinks or processions.
Novenas are most often prayed by members of the Roman Catholic Church, as well as by Anglicans, Eastern Orthodox Christians, and Lutherans. In addition, novena is also used in an ecumenical Christian context, such as those broadcast by Premier Christian Radio in an attempt to pray for the renewal of the Church.
Prayer often comes from the prayer books of reflection, or consists of repetition of the rosary ("rosary novena"), or short prayers throughout the day. Novena's prayers are usually printed in little books, and novena is often dedicated to certain angels, saints, certain Mary titles of the Blessed Virgin Mary, or calling one of the characters of the Holy Trinity. In the Catholic tradition, many novena prayers are used including doctrinal statements in addition to personal petitions. The doctrinal part of prayer is learned by ecclesiastical staff, such as the formal translation of the Christian scriptures, and is officially declared free of doctrinal errors with Nil obstat and Imprimatur .
Video Novena
Histori
The word Novena is rooted from the Latin word for nine. The novena practice is based on early Christianity, where Mass is held for nine days with prayers of reflection to a deceased person. This practice can trace its origins to the family's early Greek and Roman custom, consisting of nine days of mourning after the death of a loved one, followed by a party, which initially encouraged Catholic writers such as St. Augustine, Pseudo-Alcuin and John Beleth to warn Christians not to imitate the habit.
Over time, members of Roman Catholicism began associating novena with Christian themes like the nine months Jesus spent in the womb, the cessation of his spirit at the ninth hour, and the events that took place in the Upper Room with the Twelve Apostles and the Blessed Virgin Mary as they prayed for nine days until the Holy Spirit descended on Pentecost. In the New Testament, this biblical event is often quoted from Acts, 1:12 - 2: 5. The Fathers of the Church also give special meaning to the number nine, seeing it as an imperfect symbol of man turning to God in prayer (because of his proximity to numbers ten, the symbol of perfection and God).
Whale recognition
The novena practice grew in the Middle Ages to include pious prayers for nine days before the feast in honor of a saint identified in the liturgical calendar. In the eleventh century, the practice of novena had become a means in Christianity to pray to requests for spiritual or personal help through a saint, like the Virgin Mary. After the Reformation and Counter-Reformation era, the Catholic Church officially approved the novena, in particular through the papal approval of a great number of novena by Pope Pius IX.
In the Roman Catholic Church, there are four recognized categories of novena which fall into more than one of these categories:
- Mourning, or in anticipation of Funeral
- In anticipation of a Church Feast or ending at Vespers (often requiring church attendance)
- Individual or Expiatory Group
- Indulgences for the forgiveness of Sin (often requiring Confession of Confession or Church attendance)
With standard liturgical norms, novena is performed in church, at home, or wherever the holy prayers are appropriate, although some obligatory novena requires church attendance. Sometimes, special candles or incense are lit in the early novena burning for nine days of prayer. The first chapter of the General Principle of Sacrosanctum Concilium, # 13 is often cited as a guide to the implementation of public novena.
In the Roman Catholic tradition, novena prayers usually include praise of the Virgin Mary, Jesus Christ or saints, recognition of Christian doctrine, and personal petitions. In addition to the petition, the rest of the many prayers used in the public sphere were studied by the scholars and then approved to be free of doctrinal and moral mistakes. Agreement is given in the form of Imprimatur, Nihil Obstat, and Imprimi the strongest. This ecclesiastical agreement is usually granted by any bishop or high-ranking official for publication and approval.
Novenas has become a widespread practice in Catholic history. Novena's prayer is also practiced by the Lutherans, Orthodox and Anglican Christians, who have close or similar beliefs about their godly practices. In addition, novena has also been used in an ecumenical Christian context, such as those disseminated by Premier Christian Radio, to pray for the renewal of the Church.
Ritual
Novena is a ritualistic ritual worship where one or more Christian devotees make petitions, plead for help, or gain mercy by honoring the statue of Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary or the saints of a faith believed to empower divine intervention. According to Fenella Cannell - a professor of Anthropology specializing in Christianity, Novena is "the act of worship of prayer".
In the Christian communities of the Philippines and Latin America, the novena tradition includes a meditation ritual in front of the altar, with nine levels in which the Holy Cross is placed on top. It is illuminated with candles, decorated with flowers and other ritual items. In addition, the space may have many decorated statues, and these statues usually include statues of the Virgin Mary, Apostles and saints who have regional significance. The first day, the votive candles are placed on the first level, and each day the candles are raised one level toward the Holy Cross. Furthermore, every day includes congregational prayers, songs of praise with music, personal and public devotions. Some novena include, sometimes on the last day, community fiesta events on drinks, drinks or processions.
Rosary Novena is associated with the ritual of religious death. Among Filipino Catholic Christians, Rosario Novena has been a nine-day prayer exercise starting on the day when someone dies, with an official funeral service that is time for the ninth day. Elsewhere, the day of funerals or burial moments are adapted to local custom, while the nine-day novena is held at the home of the deceased as elsewhere.
Maps Novena
Regional practices
Africa
Christian denominations in Africa have introduced regional novena practices that offer devotional prayers, clapping, waving, singing and shouting together in front of the statues. However, some practices are unique to Africa. For example, the piety of novena in Ghana is included every nine nights, after the harsh prayers, the cover-blood of Jesus, in which the worshipers color themselves and regard it as a symbol for the blood of Christ.
Among the West African Christian communities on the coast, novena is a means to invoke God through worship and fasting, along with traditional rituals. Syncretic new-age religious practices in Nigeria have adopted nine days of novena prayer rituals. In Zimbabwe, according to Lawrence Daka - a professor and a Zimbabwean Jesuit,
Their healing session [Catholic priests] were charade, hysterical, hard, and really interesting to the point that some people fell to the ground and others felt God's power pierce their bodies. Some of the strong-willed Catholics have taken Novena after Novena seeks divine intervention in a disease or misfortune. In short, there is a great longing and thirst for a religion that provides quick answers to human problems ranging from misfortune to dealing with sickness and death.
The Novena practice was introduced to the community by Christian missionaries in their colonial era and postmodern postmodern evangelism efforts in Africa, as well as a new world plantation colony where African slaves settled as in Brazil. These initiatives bring a sense of socio-religious community.
Europe and North America
Novena devotional and paraliturgical has been common in Europe as well as European settlers in North America. These include public worship such as mass and private prayer with religious objects such as rosaries and drawings especially related to the Virgin Mary. According to James M. O'Toole - a History professor specializing in American Catholic history, the period between World War I and the mid-1950s was "the triumph of American Catholic piety". This period witnessed the piety of novena along with the popularity of sodality, confraternity, devotion to the saints, Friday without meat, holy cards, rosary, cross and eucharistic practices. This gives a sense of communal identification, says O'Toole, especially in mass migration. Novena has strong roots in the ethnic environment, and devotional devotion has a sociopolitical relationship, offering a sense of communal security through religious symbols in periods of uncertainty and fear. As economic prosperity and a sense of national solidarity grew in and after the 1960s, novena rituals waned and participation in church worship fell.
In Eastern and Central Europe, the practice of novena continues. For example, novena among the faithful in the Czech Republic includes a nine-hour prayer dedicated to Baby Jesus from Prague, where worshipers can present a personal urgent need before the statue of the Son of Christ if he so wishes, and on May 27 every year, the statue is paraded ceremonially through the streets of Prague with the songs of prayer. During the communist era, devout orthodox Christians in the former Yugoslavia organized the Great Novena under the statue of the Virgin Mary, to fight a state that imposed atheism, to maintain the freedom to practice religion as a faithful person, and to reaffirm the Christian Heritage in this region, especially in Croatia.
In Irish Catholicism, Gladys Ganiel states - a professor of Religion, devotional practices such as novena have been popular. Cultural acceptance of devotional devotion is historically high, and the Irish people themselves do not do novena, but respect those who do so. Some of their Catholic ritual practices were suppressed by the British state during the 18th and 19th centuries, but oppression and criticism only increased the Irishman's determination to persist in the way they practiced their faith.
In North America, the annual novena is observed in some areas such as Montreal Canada, where between March 10 and 19 the annual novena ends at a Saint Joseph party. A religious survey published in the 1921 Bulletin of the University of Notre Dame states that novena prayers are very popular, and very common among students during the exam and during the illness or after the death of a student. Novena-Seance remains popular in many parts of the United States, such as among Roman Catholics in Louisiana where novena is dedicated to St. Jude and the Virgin Mary. These novena are prayers believed to create contact between saints and worshipers, and thus ask divine intervention in any matter or anxiety that is important to worshipers.
Latin America
Novena has become an important part of Christianity in the Caribbean and Latin America, both among indigenous Indian communities who converted to Christianity under Spanish or Portuguese colonial rule, as well as diverse communities re-established from the millions of slaves and contract laborers brought to America from various parts of Africa and Asia. The meditation prayer is dedicated to the statue of Jesus Christ, Madonna and various saints. They are also part of velorio (wake up) after the death of a person, which includes nine nights of novena ( rezos de los nueve dÃÆ'as ).
According to Patrick Taylor and Frederick Case, the presence of Christian religious services is low, except after the death of a loved one or significant socio-political person, and during novena services during times of adversity such as epidemics or drought. Many do devotional worship with the rosary in their home before the image of Christ and the Christian saints at a dedicated little altar in their living space. Like proselytism in Africa and Asia, missionaries of various denominations of Christianity, including Protestantism, have championed novena in the Latino-Hispanic community as part of their efforts to attract new converts into their ministry.
India
Novena is still a common sight in India, especially in the state of Kerala. They are practiced both by Catholics (Syro-Malabar Christian and Syro-Malankara Christian), and by Orthodox Christians (Orthodox Christian Malancar and Orthodox Christian Jacob). Novena is a commonplace for the Virgin Mary (recited every Saturday), Saint George (common by Orthodox and recited every Wednesday), Saint Jude and others.
Philippines and Melanesia
Novenas remains a popular practice of reflection in the Philippines. It is observed, for example, in Balanced Gabi immediately before Christmas, and novena before the Celebration of the Santo Nià ± a de CebÃÆ'º (Holy Child) on the third Sunday of January. The first nine days are marked with prayers, petitions and chants. During the main procession, Santo NiÃÆ'  ± o pictures were taken through the streets of Cebu City, with many people carrying their own replicas, decorated to their own taste. In Loboc, Bohol, the most popular novena is dedicated to the Black Madonna statue, with every service called Gozos , which includes singing hymns to the Virgin in Spanish and Visayan, dancing, choir choir and parties with fireworks on the last day.
In Manila, three popular novels to Our Lady of Perpetual Help, Saint Jude Thaddeus, and Black Nazarene were assigned to the last three days of the week. Every novena is associated with a particular temple, and all have been approved by the Holy See. Some organizations also began offering novena online rituals for devotees.
The Novena to Our Mother of Perpetual Help was observed on nine consecutive wednesday at Baclaran. The Saint Jude Novena on Thursday called the apostle's status as the Patron of the Lost Cause, and is popular with students taking the exam. The Black Nazarene Novena held on Friday marks the journey of Christ with the cross for His crucifixion. The imagery, novena, and practice of contemplation have many followers. In 2011, more than six million Catholics flocked to the Black Nazareth procession in Manila alone.
In the 19th century Melanesia, Christian clergy linked the end of the epidemic like measles in 1860, and cherished the survival of society after the great catastrophe of large and dedicated prayers to Christian icons, to the "strong novena." Similarly, the Madonna Black Madonna ladies in Luboc started after the same crediting by Christian clergy that the island community survived after a severe cholera epidemic as they made a devotional prayer to the Madonna statue during their period of suffering.
See also
- Marian devotions - The Magic Medal of Miracles
- Novenas in anticipation of Christmas: Las Posadas, Simbang Gabi, Novena from aguinaldos
- Novena of Grace
- Novena to Our Eternal Relief Mom
References
Bibliography
- Reverend Monsignor Right Joseph F. Stedman, New Novena Manual â € Å"Tripleâ € , Confraternity of the Precious Blood, 1975.
- Barbara Calamari & amp; Sandra DiPasqua, Novena , Penguin Studio, 1999. ISBNÃ, 0-670-88444-8.
External links
- List of Novenas at EWTN
- "Novena to rest the soul of John Paul II", United States Catholic Bishops Conference (USCCB)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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