White Thursday (also known as Thursday White , Thursday Agreement , Great and Holy Days , , and Thursday of Mysteries , among other names) is a Christian holy day that falls on a Thursday before Easter. It commemorates the Lord's Supper and Last Supper with the Apostles as described in the canonical Gospels. This meal was the last time Jesus spent with his disciples and he told them what would happen. This is the fifth day of Holy Week, and preceded by Holy Wednesday and followed by Good Friday.
The dates are always between March 19 and April 22, but these dates fall on different days depending on whether the Gregorian or Julian calendar is used liturgically. Eastern Churches generally use the Julian calendar, and celebrate this celebration throughout the 21st century between April 1 and May 5 in the more commonly used Gregorian calendar. The liturgy held on the night of White Thursday begins the Passover Triduum, a period commemorating Christ's desire, death, and resurrection; this period includes Good Friday, Holy Saturday, and ends on Easter night. Mass or worship is usually celebrated at night, when Friday begins according to Jewish tradition, because, according to the three Synoptic Gospels, the Last Supper is at the feast of the Passover, the seducer; according to the Gospel of John, however, Jesus held his last supper at Nisan 14, the night before the first night of Passover.
Video Maundy Thursday
Name
The use of the name "Maundy Thursday", "Holy Thursday", and others are not evenly distributed. What commonly accepted names for the day vary by geographic area and religious affiliation. Thus, although in English "Maundy Thursday" is a normal term, the term is less commonly used in Ireland, Scotland or Canada. One can use one term in a religious context and the other in the context of the civil calendar of the country in which they live.
The Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England, which is the mother Church of the Anglican Communion, uses the name "Maundy Thursday" for this memorial. The corresponding publication of the US Episcopal Church, which is another province of the Anglican Guild, also refers to Thursday before Easter as "White Thursday". Throughout the Anglican Communion, the term "White Thursday" is a synonym for the Ascension Day.
In 2017, the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church uses the name "White Thursday" in an official English liturgical book. The private ordinariate in the Catholic Church, which has an Anglican heritage, retains the traditional English term "White Thursday", however. An article in 1911 Catholic Encyclopedia uses the term "Maundy Thursday", and some Catholic writers use the same term as either primarily, or alternatively.
Methodist Book of Worship for Church and Home (1965) uses the term "White Thursday"; the Book of Worship (1992) uses the term "Holy Thursday", and other official sources from United Methodist Church use "Maundy Thursday" and "Holy Thursday".
Both of these names are used by other Christian denominations, including the Lutheran Church or part of the Reformed Church. The Presbyterian Church uses the term "White Thursday" to refer to the holy day in its official sources.
In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the name for the holy day is, in the Byzantine Rite, "Good Thursday and Holy" or "White Thursday", and in Orthodox Rites of Western Rites "White Thursday", "White Thursday" or both. Coptic Orthodox Church uses the term "Covenant Thursday" or "Thursday Covenant".
In the Maronite Church and Syrian Orthodox Church, its name is "Thursday of Mysteries".
"Maundy Thursday" is the official name of the day in British and Filipino civil laws.
The day was also known in English as Shere Thursday (also spelled Sheer Thursday ), from the word shere (meaning "clean" or "light" "). This name may refer to a cleansing act, or the fact that the churches will change the liturgical color from the dark tone of Lent, or because it is common to cut the beard on that day, or for a combination of reasons. This name has the same language throughout Scandinavia, such as Denmark SkÃÆ'Â|rrainsdag , Norway SkjÃÆ'Â|rrrs traders , Faroe SkÃÆ'rhÃÆ'³sdagur and Skyle trade , and Iceland SkÃÆ'rdagur . In Sweden, today is known as SkÃÆ'¤rtorsdag , with SkÃÆ'¤r being an archaic word for washing .
Derivation name "Maundy"
Maundy is the name of the Christian rite of footwashing, traditionally occurring during the White Thursday church service. Most experts agree that the English word maundy in that name for that day comes from the Old Central English and French mandà © Å © , from the Latin mandatum Mandatum novum do vivis ut diligatis invicem sicut dilexi vos " ("A new command I give unto you: That you love one another , as I have loved you, that you also love one another. ") This statement by Jesus in John 13:34 where Jesus explained to the Apostles the importance of the act of washing their feet. This phrase is used as an antiphon sung in the Roman Rite during the Maundy ceremony (Ecclesiastical Latin: "Mandatum") about foot washing, which may be held during Mass or as a separate event, in which a priest or bishop (representing Christ) ceremonially washes people's feet another, usually 12 people chosen as cross-section of the community. In 2016, it was announced that Missale Rome had been revised to allow women to participate as part of 12 in the Mandatum; before, only men took part of the rite.
Some theorize that the English name "Maundy Thursday" emerged from the "maundsor basket" or "bag maundy" from the alms that the king of England distributed to certain poor people in Whitehall before attending Mass on that day. So, "maund" is connected to Latin mendicare , and French mendier , to invoke. A source from the Lutheran-Missouri Church Synod also stated that, if the name was from the Latin mandate, we would call Thursday's Mandy day, or Thursday Mandate, or even the Mandatum on Thursday; and that the term "Maundy" is actually derived from the Latin mendicare , Old French mendier , and English maund , which as a verb means pleading and as a noun refers to a small basket held by maunders when they are persecuted. Other sources reject this etymology.
Maps Maundy Thursday
Services
Western Christianity
Service
The Washing of the Feet is a traditional component of celebration among many Christian groups, including Armenian, Ethiopian, Eastern Catholic, Schwarzenau (German Baptist) Brethren, Brethren Church, Mennonite, and Roman Catholic tradition. This practice has also become increasingly popular as part of the White Thursday liturgy in Anglican/Episcopal, Lutheran, Methodist, Presbyterian, and other Protestant denominations.
In the Catholic Church and in some Anglican churches, the Mass of the Lord's Supper begins as usual, but Gloria is accompanied by a ringing of bells, which then dwells until the Easter Vigil. After the homily, foot washing can be done. The Blessed Sacrament remains exposed, at least in the Catholic Mass, until the service ends with a procession that takes it to the repositioning place. The altar is then stripped away, like all other altars in the church except the Altar of Repose. In the pre-1970 edition, the Roman Missal imagines this done ceremonially, with the accompaniment of Psalm 21/22, a practice that continues in many Anglican churches. In other Christian denominations, such as the Lutheran Church or the Methodist Church, stripping altars and other items on the pulpit also occurs, in preparation for a gloomy Good Friday service.
Crisis Mass
Mass Krisma is a religious service held in the Roman Catholic Church, Lutheranism and Anglicanism.
White Thursday is important to be the day on which the Christian Mass is celebrated in every diocese. The Christian Mass is one of the most serious and important liturgies of the liturgical year. Usually held at the Cathedral diocesean, generally held on the morning of Thursday White, but maybe in some dioceses took place on another day during Holy Week. This is often the largest annual gathering of clergy and faithful held in most dioceses. In some dioceses, attendance is significant enough that, because seats are limited, tickets are distributed to the parish. The Mass is a celebration of the priesthood institution with the words of Jesus at the Last Supper, "Do this to my memory." During the Mass, those present are called to renew the promise of their baptism; priests/priests and deacons also reaffirm their ministry by renewing the promises made to their ordination.
Mass takes its name from the blessing of the sacred oil used in the sacrament throughout the year, which is then given to the priests to be brought back to their parish. The Rite of Petroleum Reception by representatives of the diocesan parishes is a sign of the union of each parish with the Bishop and Church of the bishopric. Whenever holy oil is used, the ministry of the bishop who ordains them is symbolically present. Distributed oil is intended to last throughout the year, although extra oil is also blessed during Mass and kept in the cathedral as a reserve if the parish is exhausted.
This service is a restoration of the 1967 rite recorded in the early 200s by Hippolytus historians who wrote about the ceremony that took place during the Easter Vigil in which two holy oils were blessed and one was purified. In the 5th century, the oil ceremony was moved from Holy Saturday Vigil to White Thursday during a special Mass for that purpose, distinct from the Mass of the Lord's Supper. The change came partly because of the large crowd gathered for the Easter Vigil, but also to emphasize the institution of Christ of this ordained priesthood at the Last Supper on Holy Thursday. In the revised edict of this rite, Pope Paul VI says: "The christmas mass is one of the main expressions of the bishop's episcopal fullness and signifies the closeness of the priests to him."
Holy Oils is:
- Krismas - used in the Sacraments of Baptism, Strengthening and Sacrifice, as well as for the consecration of the altar and the devotion of the church.
- katekumen oil - also used in the sacrament of Baptism, and
- the sick person's oil - used in the Anointing ritual
Catechumens and chrism oils are used on the Holy Saturday that will come on Easter Eve, for the baptism and confirmation of those entering the church.
While Oil of the Catechumens and Oil of the Sick, only "blessed," the Sacred Chrism is "purified,". Holy chrism is a mixture of olive oil and balsam, an aromatic resin. Balsam is poured into the oil, which gives him a sweet smell intended to remind those who find it about the "purity of smell" to whom those who are labeled with him, are called upon to fight. The bishop breathed on the vessel containing the chrism, a sign that symbolized the Holy Spirit descending to consecrate this oil, and remembering the action of Jesus in John 20:22, when he breathed into the apostles and said, "Receive the Holy Spirit..." the priest who performed the concelebration of the Mass extended their hands to the chalice-containing vessel and uttered the consecration prayer in the heart when the bishop pronounced it above the chrism.
In connection with Anglicanism, the General Prayer Book of 1979 (p.307) calls for chrism to be purified by the bishop. This can be done when the bishop is present at the parish for Confirmation. In many dioceses, the chrism's consecration by the bishop can be done by serving the reaffirmation of the ordination pledge during Holy Week. During the Eucharist of Chrysanthemum, the Bishop will bless the oil used throughout the next year for baptism and healing. In addition, the bishops and pastors present will reaffirm their Oath of ordination.
Eastern Christianity
Eastern Orthodox
In the Eastern Orthodox Church, liturgical colors are brighter, white becomes common. On this day alone during Holy Week, the fast is relaxed to allow the consumption of wine and oil.
The main ministry today is Vespers combined with the Liturgy of St. Basil the Great who read the first Passion Gospel (John 13: 31-18: 1), known as the "Gospel of the Covenant", and many of the normal hymns of the Divine Liturgy are replaced by the following trophies :
About Your Mystical Supper, Son of God, accept me now as a communicant; because I will not speak of your enemies to your enemies, nor will I give you a kiss like Judas. But like Thieves, I will admit it: Remember me, O Lord, in Your Kingdom.
When it is necessary to fill the sacrament to communicate the sick at a time that does not follow the divine liturgy, the additional Lamb (Host) is sanctified on this day, intensified, covered, and allowed to dry until Holy Saturday when it is divided, completely dry with a candle flame, and pieces placed in the artophorion.
In cathedrals and monasteries, a foot washing ceremony is usually performed.
When there is a need to sanctify more chrism, it is done by patriarchs and other heads of various otrospale churches.
At night, after the Liturgy, all the ornaments and cloaks are converted into black or other dark colors, to mark the beginning of the Passion. Anticipating Matins on Friday morning, Holy Passion ministry from reading Twelve Gospels was done. In this reading Christ's final instruction to his disciples is presented, as well as the prophecies of the drama of the Cross, the prayer of Christ, and his new commandment. Twelve readings are:
- John 13: 31-18: 1
- John 18: 1-29
- Matthew 26: 57-75
- John 18: 28-19: 16
- Matthew 27: 3-32
- Mark 15: 16-32
- Matthew 27: 33-54
- Luke 23: 32-49
- John 19: 19-37
- Mark 15: 43-47
- John 19: 38-42
- Matthew 27: 62-66
White Thursday is a public holiday in most of the countries that are part of the Spanish kingdom (Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Spain, Uruguay, and Venezuela) - a country that is part of the Danish colonial empire (Denmark, Iceland, Norway and the US Virgin Islands), and in the Indian state of Kerala. Certain German states declare public holidays for public sector employees. In the UK, civil servants have traditionally been given half-day holidays (known as "privilege leave") on this date, but are abolished after 2012.
Seven Churches Visitation
The tradition of visiting seven churches on a White Thursday is an ancient practice, probably derived from Rome. and occurs among the faithful in countries around the world.
In India, the custom is to visit fourteen churches, one per Station of the Cross. Traditionally, this was done on Maundy Thursday night but more often on the Good Friday morning or on Lent. Usually, the whole family will participate, usually fasting during the rites. This is also done by parish groups of worship.
In the Philippines, this tradition is called Visita Iglesia (Spanish, "church visit"), where people visit churches to pray, usually reading Stations of the Cross. Stations are often distributed among one, seven, or fourteen churches; habit until the 1970s was to pray all fourteen in every church. This is the custom of the city especially, because the churches are located closer to each other in the cities, and supposedly because it comes from visiting the seven churches of Intramuros which stood until the 1945 Manila bombing. The original purpose of the ritual was to honor the Blessed Sacrament at the Resurrection Altar on Thursday night, but since no prescribed prayer (other than those for the Pope), the Stations of the Cross is read. However, some Filipino liturgists have sought to revive original prayer before the Blessed Sacrament, and have devised prayers to guide contemporary worshipers.
In Singapore, a church visit took place shortly after the Last Supper Mass. Prayer in every church consists of seven repetitions of the Lord's Prayer, Ave Maria, and Gloria Patri . Due to the recent trend of late Mass (sometimes 7 or 8 pm) to allow more congregations, eight churches are the maximum number visited (even in urban areas, where these are closer to each other than in residential areas outside) before it closes at midnight. Lively atmosphere exists, with the sale of drinks, hot crushed breads and other local snacks such as the traditional kueh ko chee . The faithful Catholics have eaten the 'Last Supper' to anticipate the fast the next day.
See also
- Corpus Christi
- Easter Triduum
- Friday of Sorrows (Friday before Palm Sunday)
- The life of Jesus in the New Testament
- Maundy
- The Easter Cycle
- Tenebrae (service)
- Thursday the Dead
- Tristis est anima mea (responsory), second response to Tenebrae at Maundy Thursday
References and footnotes
- Ã, Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "White Thursday". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company.
External links
- Pope Francis, "Homily for Chrism Mass", News.va , March 28, 2013
- Cosentino, Tony. "The Christian Mass: Symbols and Their Meaning", St. Nicholas Diocese Catherine, Ontario
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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