Exorcism in Christianity is the practice of casting out demons from someone they believe they already have. The person who exorcises, known as the exorcist, is often a member of the Christian Church, or someone who is considered to have special powers or skills. Exorcists can use prayer and religious material, such as formulas, movements, symbols, icons, amulets, etc. Exorcists often call on God, Jesus and/or some angels and angel angels to intervene with different exorcisms. A survey of exorcisms finds that most exorcists believe that every mature Christian can exorcise demons, not just priests. Exorcists often believe that the authority given to them by the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit (Trinity) is the source of their ability to cast out demons.
This term became prominent in Early Christianity from the beginning of the 2nd century onwards.
In general, people who are considered to be possessed are not regarded as evil within them, or are fully responsible for their actions, because ownership is perceived as unwilling to be manipulated by demons that result in damage to self or others. Therefore, practitioners consider exorcism more a drug than a punishment. Mainstream rituals usually take this into account, ensuring that there is no violence against them, only that they are bound if there is potential for violence.
Video Exorcism in Christianity
Old Testament
The Catholic Encyclopedia says that there is only one clear case of the demonic in the Old Testament, King Solomon, but it depends on the interpretation of the Hebrew term "rÃÆ'» ah "as" evil spirit ", an interpretation that undoubtedly by the Catholic Encyclopedia . The Catholic Encyclopedia binds the method of exorcism mentioned in extra-canonical Jewish literature to exorcise demons in the book of Tobias. Other theologians such as ÃÆ'ngel Manuel RodrÃÆ'guez say that the medium as mentioned in Leviticus 20:27 is possessed by demons.
Maps Exorcism in Christianity
New Testament
The exorcism of Christian demons is based on the belief that Jesus commanded his followers to cast out demons in his name. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia of Exorcism, Jesus demonstrates this ability as a sign of his Messiahship, and it empowers his disciples to do the same.
The Lutheran Church-Missouri synod traces the practice of exorcism to the biblical claim that Jesus Christ cast out demons with a simple command (Mark 1: 23-26; 9: 14-29; Luke 11: 14-26). The apostles continued the practice with power and in the name of Jesus (Matthew 10: 1, Acts 19: 11-16).
The Jewish Encyclopedia article on Jesus states that Jesus, "dedicated primarily to cast out demons," and also believes that he surrenders this to his followers; however, "his superiority to his followers is demonstrated by casting out demons they fail to expel."
History
The early church
St. Sirilus of Jerusalem writes, "Accept exorcism with devotion... Divine exorcism, borrowed from Scripture, sanctifies the soul."
Medieval
The Benedictine Vade retro satana was used in the Middle Ages.
In the fifteenth century, exorcist Catholics were scholars and laymen, because every Christian had the power to command the devil and cast them in the name of Christ.
Reform
After the Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther abbreviated the Roman ritual used for exorcism. In 1526, the ritual was abbreviated further and exsufflation was omitted. The form of the Lutheran Ritual for Exorcism is incorporated into the majority of Lutheran service books and is implemented.
Current beliefs and practices
Anglicanism
English Church
In 1974, the Church of England established the "Ministry of Deliverance". As part of its creation, every diocese in the country is equipped with a team trained in both exorcism and psychiatry. According to its representatives, most cases were brought before they had conventional explanations, and the actual exorcism was scarce; However, blessings are sometimes given to people for psychological reasons.
The Anglican priests may not have exorcised without permission from the bishop of Diocese. Exorcism is not usually done unless the bishop and his specialist team (including psychiatrists and doctors) have agreed.
Episcopal Church
In the Episcopal Church, Book of Occasional Services discusses provisions for exorcisms; but does not show a particular rite, nor does it build an "exorcism" office. The bishoprician usually resumes their role when they are retired from all the other church duties.
Baptist
Albert Mohler, the ninth president of Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, states that Baptists, among other evangelical Christians, do
believe in the existence, envy, and power of Satan and the devil. Of these things, the New Testament is very clear. We must reject any attempt to 'demythologize' the New Testament to deny the existence of these forces and evil beings. At the same time, we must recognize quickly that Satan and the devil are not given the power that is often thought of as coming from them in popular piety. Satan is a threat, as Peter made clear when he warned: 'Be conscious; alert. Your enemy demons roam like a roaring lion, looking for someone to eat. '[1 Peter 5: 8] The New Testament is also clear that the very real cases of demon possession are met by Jesus and his followers. Jesus frees those who suffer when he orders the devil to flee, and they obey him. Likewise, the Apostle Paul exorcised when he faced evil power and darkness in his ministry. A closer look at the important parts involved does not reveal an exorcism rite, only the name of Jesus and the proclamation of the gospel. Likewise, there is no idea of ​​the priestly ministry of the ordained exorcist in the New Testament.
As a result of this theology, for Baptist Christians, the weapons of "spiritual warfare, and the power most feared by darkness are the name of Jesus, the authority of the Bible, and the power of his gospel."
Catholicism
In the dogma of dogma exorcism is sacramental but not sacrament, unlike baptism or confession. Unlike the sacrament, the "integrity and efficacy" of exorcism does not depend... on the rigid usage of unchanged formulas or on the order of the action sequences that are determined. Its efficacy depends on two elements: the authorization of the legitimate and legitimate authority of the Church, and the faith of the exorcist. "
The Catholic Church revised the Exorcism Rite in January 1999, although the traditional Exorcism Rite in Latin was allowed as an option. The act of exorcism is considered a very dangerous spiritual task. The ritual assumes that the controlled person retains their free will, even though Satan can take control of their physical body, and involves prayer, blessing, and prayer using the documents of Exorcisms and Certain Income. In the modern era, Catholic bishops rarely legalize exorcism, approaching the probability of cases with the assumption that mental or physical illness is more likely.
Serious exorcisms, according to Canon law of the church, can only be performed by ordained priests (or high bishops), with explicit permission from the local bishop, and only after careful medical examination to exclude the possibility of mental illness, and in the rituals of persons can not be harmed. The Catholic Encyclopedia (1908) commands: "Superstitions should not be confused with religion, however historical may be intertwined, or magic, however white, with a legitimate religious rite." The things listed in the Roman Ritual as an indicator of the possibility of a demon possession include: speaking a foreign or ancient language possessing no prior knowledge; supernatural abilities and powers; knowledge of the hidden or distant possessed has no way of knowing; a hatred of something holy; and blasphemy and/or blasphemy.
Fr. Gabriele Amorth, who claims to have committed 160,000 exorcisms, said the exorcisms have the ability to detect evil presence. However, he noted that "they are not always right: their 'feelings' should be checked." In their example, they can detect events that cause demons to enter, or can locate malicious objects that have cursed individuals. He noted that "they are always humble."
Eastern Orthodox
In the Eastern Orthodox Church, demon activity can not be separated from disease and disease. As a result, exorcisms are very common, even finding their way in rituals that involve field blessings. The ritual of exorcism, found in Euchologion , is St. Basil the Great. The liturgy of baptism in the Eastern Orthodox also contains an exorcism ritual.
Lutheranism
The Lutheran Church traces the practice of exorcism to the biblical claim that Jesus Christ cast out demons with a simple command (Mark 1: 23-26; 9: 14-29; Luke 11: 14-26). The apostles continued the practice with power and in the name of Jesus (Matthew 10: 1, Acts 19: 11-16). Contrary to some Christian denominations, Lutheranism asserts that individuals, both believers and unbelievers, can be harassed by the devil, based on several arguments, including the one "just as believers, whom Jesus Christ has set free from sin." (Romans 6: 18), can still be bound by sin in his life, so he can still be bound by demons in his life. "
After the Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther abbreviated the Roman ritual used for exorcism. In 1526, the ritual was abbreviated further and exsufflation was omitted. The form of the Lutheran Ritual for Exorcism is incorporated into the majority of Lutheran service books and is implemented. According to the Lutheran Church's Pastoral Handbook,
Generally speaking, the possession of Satan is nothing more than a demonic act with which, from God's permission, man is urged to sin, and he occupies their body, in order that they may lose eternal salvation. So physical possession is an act by which Satan, from divine permission, possesses both pious and wicked men in such a way that he inhabits their bodies not only according to activity but also in accord with the essence, and tortures them, whether for punishment or for discipline and human testing, and for the glory of justice, mercy, strength, and divine wisdom.
This pastoral manual warns that often, symptoms such as ecstasy, epileptic seizures, lethargy, insanity, and panic state of mind, are the result of natural causes and should not be mistaken as demon possession. According to the Lutheran Church, the main symptoms that may indicate demonic possession and the need for exorcism include:
- Knowledge of the secret things, for example, is able to predict the future (Acts 16:16), finding missing persons or objects, or knowing complicated things that no one has ever learned (for example, drugs). It is said that forecasters often ask for the help of the spirit and that this spirit gives them certain strength. In that case, the evil spirit helps, not necessarily to have the person physically.
- Knowledge of languages ​​never learned. Just as the devil can tie one's tongue (Luke 11:14), it is reported from the early church as well as the time of the Reformation that certain demon-possessed people can speak a language they never learn.
- The supernatural strength (Mark 5: 2-3), goes far beyond what they previously had or should consider their sex and size. A lot of caution in assessing demon possession is required. All circumstances and symptoms should be considered. Madness does not have to be confused with ownership. On the other hand, ownership may occur even when these symptoms do not exist.
The church lists the secondary phenomena of the terrible scream (Mark 5: 5), blaspheming God and mocking the neighbors, deforming the movement (eg ferocious movements, dribbling, laughing indecent, gnashing, spitting, dumping, flogging oneself, 9:20, Luke 8:27.), Inhumane parties (eg when they take food beyond the means of nature), bodily tortures, unusual bodily injuries and extraordinary body movements nearby (eg, a old man who, who was possessed by a demon, could run as fast as a horse), and forget about the things he did. Other symptoms include the corruption of reason in man, which makes him like an animal, melancholy, the acceleration of death (Mark 9:18 [suicide attempt]), and the presence of other supernatural events.
After this determination is made, the Church recommends an experienced physician to determine whether there is a medical explanation for individual behavior. When real ownership is recognized, the poor must commit to the care of a minister of the Church who teaches good doctrine, is a flawless life, who does nothing for the dirty radiance, but does everything from the soul.. The pastor then diligently asks what kind of life the one he leads up to this point and guides him through law to confession of his sins. After this warning or consolation occurs, the work of a natural healer will be used, who will cleanse who has it from harmful liquids with proper medicines. The Pastoral Handbook then states:
- A fiery prayer is poured out upon the Lord, not only by the ministers of the Church, but also by the whole Church. Let these prayers be conditioned, if liberation must take place for the glory of God and the salvation of the possessed, for this is the wickedness of the body.
- With prayers, let's fast, see Matthew 17:21.
- Alms by friends of the possessed, Tobit 12: 8-9.
- Let a profession of Christian faith be required from Him, let him be taught about the devil's works destroyed by Christ, let him be sent faithfully back to the Devil-destroyer, Jesus Christ, let counsel be given to faith in Christ for prayer, for regret.
Mennonites
Many Mennonite colleges and seminaries include training for exorcism services. Minister Mennonite and exorcist, Dean Hochstetler, stated that powwow, a practice done by some in the Pennsylvania community of Pennsylvania, "brings people under the bond of Satan." On July 30 to August 1, 1987, "The Mennonite Associated Mennonite Seminary (MC) and the Indiana-Michigan Mennonite Conference (MC) sponsored consultations on 'Slavery and Liberation'."
Methodism
The British Methodist Church argues that the ritual of exorcism involves "expulsion from the objective power of evil that has overwhelmed a person." In addition, the Methodist Church teaches that "the authority to carry out evictions has been given to the Church as one of the ways in which the Ministry of Christ continues in the world." A minister should first consult with the District Chief to exorcise. The Methodist Church argues that it is essential to ensure that the presence and love of Christ is assured for individuals seeking help. In addition, the ministry of "the Bible, prayer, and sacrament" should be extended to these people as well. The combination of these things has proven to be effective.
For example, in one particular situation, a Roman Catholic woman believes her home is haunted, and therefore consults with her pastor for help. Since he was not available to drive out demons from a woman's house, he contacted a Methodist minister, who expelled the evil spirit from a room, believed to be a source of distress at home, and celebrated Holy Communion in the same place. ; following this action, no more trouble at home. In another situation, Rev. Jay Bartlett wrote that a young woman involved with "drug abuse, self-mutilation, heavy harassment, mental torture, Satanism, occult activity, alliance with demons, and other crimes" was sealed at Mt. The Olive Free Methodist Church in Dallas over a seven-night period, with "anointing oil, the Word of God (the sword of the Spirit), holy water, sacred symbols of the cross, the blood of Christ, and sanctified material [being] Used to cast out demons."
Oriental Orthodoxy
At the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, priests intervene and exorcise on behalf of those who are believed to be suffering by Satan or Buda. According to research by Pew Research Center 2010, 74% of Christians in Ethiopia claim to have experienced or witnessed the exorcism. Persons who are possessed by spirits are brought to church or prayer meetings. Often, when a sick person does not respond to modern medical care, the suffering is caused by a demon. Unusual or very evil deeds, especially when done in public, are the symptoms of an evil one. Super human powers - such as breaking one's bond, as described in the New Testament record - along with glossolalia are observed in suffering people. Amsalu Geleta, in a modern case study, links the common elements of Ethiopian Christian exorcism:
These include hymns and songs of triumph, reading from Scripture, praying and facing spirits in the name of Jesus. Dialogue with the spirit is an important part of the exorcism ceremony. It helps the counselor (exorcist) to know how the spirit operates in the lives of bad people. The signs and events mentioned by the spirits are confirmed by the victim after the liberation.
Exorcism does not always work, and Geleta notes another example where the ordinary methods do not work, and demons seem to leave the subject at a later time. After all, "in all cases, the spirit is not given a name other than the name of Jesus."
Pentecostalism
In the Pentecostal Church, the Charismatic Movement, and other less formal parts of Christianity, the ritual of exorcism can take many forms and structures of belief. The most common of these is the liberation ceremony. Liberation differs from the exorcism ceremony in which Satan may gain a foothold into one's life rather than gaining complete control. If full control has been obtained, full exorcism is required. However, a "spirit-filled Christian" can not be possessed, based on their beliefs. In this belief structure, the reasons for the demons to gain a foothold are usually described as a kind of deviation from theological doctrine or because of pre-conversion activities (such as dealing with the occult).
The traditional method of determining whether a person needs deliverance is by having someone present who has the gift of discerning spirits. It is a gift of the Holy Ghost of 1 Corinthians 12 that enables one to "feel" somehow an evil presence. Although the initial diagnosis is usually not denied by the congregation, when many people are blessed with this gift in a congregation, the results may vary.
Criticism
Satan's exorcism criticism states that so-called 'possession' often, in fact, undiagnosed mental illness and exorcism performance in such cases aggravate conditions and may even be considered harassment. There are also cases where exorcists have abused their position for financial gain.
Gallery
See also
- Delivery service
- Satanic ownership
- Emmanuel TV
- International Removal Association
- Little exorcism in Christianity
References
Further reading
Lawrence Edward Burkholder (1999), Let My People Go: A Mennonite Theology of Exorcism (PDF ) , Conrad Grebel College Jay Bartlett (February 12, 2010), Exorcism in the Methodist Church , ISBNÃ, 9780557316236 .
External links
- Ã, Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Excorcism". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- Worcester Diocese's web page at the Ministry of Deliverance Anglican View
- Exorcism in the Orthodox Church
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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