Frank Fools Crow (circa 1890 - 1989) is a civil and religious leader of Oglala Lakota. 'Grandfather', or 'Grandfather Frank' as he often calls it, is the Black Elk nephew who works to preserve the Lakota tradition, including Sun Dance and yuwipi ceremonies. He supported the sovereignty and rights of the Lakota agreement, and was a traditional factional leader during the armed stalemate at Wounded Knee in 1973. With the author Thomas E. Mails, he produced two books on his life and work,
Video Frank Fools Crow
Kehidupan awal
Fools Crow was born near Porcupine Creek at Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota on 24 or 27 June between 1890 and 1892. His father, Fools Crow, also called Eagle Bear, was the leader of the Porcupine District. His mother is Spoon Hunter, who died four days after giving birth. She is the daughter of Porcupine Tail, for whom the community was named. His paternal grandfather, Chief Knife, fought with the soldiers who defeated Custer at the Battle of Little Big Horn, and his great-grandfather, Holding the Eagles, was a herbalist and a saint, or Wi? HÃÆ'¡? Crewman ? ÃÆ'¡? . Raised in the traditional way by her father, aunt, and stepmother Emily Big Road, she did not attend a "white male school" because her father did not approve. This is why he is not fluent in English. As a young man, he toured the United States with Buffalo Bill's Wild Buffalo show. He spent most of his life serving his people as a physician, healer, and teacher
His first wife, Fannie Afraid of Hawk, died in 1954. His second wife, Kate, died in October 1988. Fools Crow died on November 27, 1989 near Kyle, SD. He is believed to be 99 years old
Maps Frank Fools Crow
On February 28, 1973, members of the American Indian Movement, with their allies and supporters, including Fools Crow, seized and occupied the village of Wounded Knee. It was here, in 1890, that the followers of Deer Spotted, another, the previous traditional leader, had been slaughtered by the US Army's 7th Cavalry Regiment. Two weeks before that, Sitting Bull himself was killed, by police acting on the orders of these new rulers. Thus has begun the relentless persecution of the Lakota nation: their institutions, religions, and even languages. Every decade since the "great period of sadness", when the hope for sovereignty "dies in bloody snow", brings new demands for the Lakota land, always breaking the treaty agreement.
Today my people, and all the inhabitants of this continent, are changing - degraded by oppression and poverty into a resemblance to their previous existence; health is undermined by disease, and the moral and spiritual life of those who die from the loss of the great retaining force of their meditation ceremony
Dick Wilson had been chair of Pine Ridge Reservation in 1972. A famous liquor drinker for corruption, he prefers to surrender more Lakota lands, even PahÃÆ'¡ SÃÆ'¡pa itself. He immediately used the federal government's funds to create his own "villain" army, which was used to terrorize his enemies. Those who opposed Wilson and his regime formed the "Oglala Sioux Civil Rights Organization," led by Pedro Bissonette, and worked to indict him. One petition to interpret Wilson contains more signatures than the number of people who originally chose him. Wilson postponed an impeachment hearing scheduled for February 14. Soon thereafter, federal troops moved into the area, including the counter-insurgency "Operation Operation" group, which arranged and guarded the position of sand-sand machine guns at the BIA building. On February 23, thus reinforced and without a proper tribal council quorum, Wilson was "released" and quickly banned "all public meetings and demonstrations" in the reservation.
On the night of the occupation, AIM leaders met with traditional elders and Oglala leaders.
As a senior elder, Fools Crow spoke to young leaders in the Lakota native language (he never spoke English in public) and said to them, "Go ahead and do, go to Wounded Knee.You can not get into BIA and office tribal, so take your brothers out of the American Indian Movement and go to Wounded Knee and stand there. "
A few minutes later the meeting at Calico ended, and the caravan, fifty-four long cars, rolled through the winter night; parents and children and tough people and aunts and uncles... Ã, Dennis Banks took the lead car with Chief Fools Crow, and upon arrival at Wounded Knee, a hamlet of about a hundred inhabitants, people from cars gathered at the cemetery bulk for prayer with the movement of spiritual leaders Pete Catches and Leonard Crow Dog.
On the list of demands submitted to the Justice Department, Fools Crow is listed along with chiefs and other drug experts as supporters of the movement. After the colonists declared themselves as "Independent Oglala Nation", Fools Crow traveled with Matthew King, his translator, and Russell Means to the United Nations for a speech. Although there is no official transcript of this speech, there is no doubt of its significance.
The occupation lasted for 71 days, until an agreement was reached between the federal officials and the Lakota delegates, which included Fools Crow. Hank Adams, a personal representative of the President, arrived with approval for a proposal the leaders sent to the White House on May 3. Adams met with Fools Crow and a hundred others near a fence around the property. Adams handed the letter through a barbed wire fence to Fools Crow, dressed in the traditional deer-skin suit and headdress. The letter begged the village occupation to end. Fools Crow and other leaders accepted the proposal, stating that the White House would send representatives to Pine Ridge to discuss the agreement in the third week of May and would "be difficult" to Dick Wilson, the chairman of an unscrupulous reservation. Fools Crow and other tribal chiefs sent the letter to AIM leaders and told them that he believed it was time to end it.
The death of Buddy, who made everyone sad, convinced Grandfather Crow and other elders that there was enough death. Because we're too little to fight and too much to die for, Fools Crow asks leaders of Injuries to try to find a peaceful resolution. On May 2, an interior ministry negotiator stated for the record, "I have the authority to ensure that the United States Government, and perhaps Congress, will discuss anything with your leaders, anything and everything you want to discuss about the Treaty of 1868.... I have the authority to inform you that any and all criminal offenses against you by outsiders will be prosecuted.I have the authority to inform you that members of the tribal government will be prosecuted. "... Again, we Indians have accepted the white man's promise - just like our ancestors had. Once again, the United States government has lied.
After Frank Clearwater's murder in Wounded Knee, and because the US government did not allow his body to be buried there, his wife agreed to bury him at the Leonard Crow Dog property in Rosebud Indian Reservation, and awaken at Fools Crow's home. , in which the body is placed in a tipi and covered with blankets for mourners to come to their honor.
In an article in the New York Times on May 8, 1973, negotiations were said to have occurred at Fools Crow's home around the third week of May. In an interview, Dick Wilson said, "My people know that Fools Crow is zero," clearly showing that he does not respect the tradition imitated Fools Crow. In Washington D.C. on May 17, Oglalas held a White House meeting, and Fools Crow was present. Of the five promised White House aides, two are there. Fools Crow was told that the historic treaty was dead.
Fools Crow spoke at a congressional hearing on 16 and 17 June 1973, after the conclusion of the Wounded Knee occupation; he only speaks Lakota, as he does, and uses an interpreter, Matthew King, to translate for him. He gave his reasons for the occupation, the main reason was the disappearance of Dick Wilson. Senator George McGovern said that he would try to remove Wilson, but was not sure if he had the power to do so. Fools Crow confirmed that McGovern had promised earlier to remove Dick Wilson, but the violence continued.
In the dark March 1975, at least seven people, two of them small children, were killed in the AIM-goon war in Pine Ridge.... Meanwhile, traditional harassment continues. Bullets were fired at the home of Matthew King, an elder and Oglala translator for Chief Frank Fools Crow, and Fools Crow's little house in Kyle, with lifetime items, burned to the ground; the two old men were threatened with prey by mutant thugs.
Prayer before the United States Senate
In August 1975, thirty activists, including Fools Crow, went to Washington D.C. to discuss the Treaty of 1868, sovereignty, and ongoing violence as well as violations of civil rights. On September 5, Grandpa Fools Crow gave an opening prayer for the United States Senate. This is believed to be an accurate translation of his words:
On the same morning of this prayer, the FBI launched a massive paramilitary attack on Leonard Crow Dog's estate.
"We will never sell our sacred Black Hills."
On September 10, 1976, Fools Crow delivered a lengthy speech to the Subcommittee on Interior and Insular Affairs. The speech, entitled The Joint Statement of Frank Fools Crow's Head and Frank Killing the Enemy on behalf of the Traditional Lakers Agreement Board Before Venerable Lloyd Meads The Interior Subcommittee and the Insular Affairs, is an appeal to return from the Black Hills to his people. Later, the speech was printed in poster form and widely distributed on the reservation. Full speech can be read here.
Quote
Movies, cassettes, and books
- Screenwriter John Fusco is a relative of "hunka" adopted from Fools Crow and based on the character Grandpa Sam Reaches in his movie Thunderheart .
- In 1990, Fusco took actor Robert De Niro to Pine Ridge Indian Reserves to meet Fools Crow. Fools Crow exchanges presents with De Niro in the traditional Lakota way.
- Native Spirit and the Sun Dance Way , documentary DVD, 2007, World Wisdom
- Audio Cassette: The Crow of the Crow (January 21, 2000)
Original Release Date: May 1, 1993; Ã, Label: Etherean - Books with Thomas E. Mails:
Crow Ridiculous , University of Nebraska Press, 1979, 1990 ISBN-978-0-8032-8174-5 Site Chaos: Wisdom and Power , Council Oak Books, 1990, 2002; ISBN-978-1-57178-104-8 - Suzanne Dupree, Frank Fools Crow Knowledge and Truth - Gifts of the Ancestors Second Edition, Publishing CreateSpace, 2014. ISBNÃ, 1-50304-096-8
References
Bibliography
- Anderson et al., Sound from Wounded Knee 1973 (Note Akwesasne, 1974) ISBN 978-0-914-83801-2
- Ward Churchill and Jim Vander Wall, Agent of Suppression (South End Press, 1988, '02) ISBNÃ, 0-89608-646-1
- Thomas E. Mails, Fools Crow (University of Nebraska Press, 1979, '90) ISBN 978-0-8032-8174-5
- Peter Matthiessen, In Mad Horse Spirit (Viking Penguin, 1983, '92) ISBN 978-014014456-7
- Russell Means,
White Men Fear of Stepping (St. Martin Press, 1995) ISBN 978-031214761-7 - New York Times Obituaries, "Frank Fools Crow, a Sioux Tribal Leader", printed November 29, 1989, *
- Paul Chaat Smith and Robert Allen Warrior, Like Hurricane: Indian Movement from Alcatraz to Wounded Knee (The New Press, 1997) ISBN: 978-1-56584-402-5
- Luther Standing Bear, Spotted Eagle Land (Houghton Mifflin Company, 1933) ISBN 978-0-8032-9333-5
- Steve Talbot, Root of Suppression: American Indian Questions (International Publisher, 1981) ISBN 978-071780591-4
External links
- Publisher web page for book: Ã, Fools Crow Ã,
- The publisher's website for: Ã, Stupid Crow: Wisdom and Authority
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments