Fasting in Islam, known as Sawm ( ????? ) Arabic pronunciation: Ã, [s ?? wm] or Siy? m ( ?????? ) Arabic pronunciation: Ã, [s? ijÃÆ'Â|: m] , Arabic words for fasting, also known as R? zeh or R? zah (Persian: ???? ?) in some Muslim countries, is a practice of abstinence, usually from food and drink. The departure of Sawm during the holy month of Ramadan is the fourth of the Pillars of Islam.
Video Fasting in Islam
Etymology
Literally means "abstain," ? Awm is a semantic cognitive language to Syriac: ???? ? ? awm? , Hebrew: ???? ? "?? m", and Ge'ez: ?? "? om".
Other languages ​​
Muslims in Central Asia, Afghanistan, India, Iran, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Turkey use the words of roza/rozha/roja/oruÃÆ'§ , originating from Persia. While Malay communities in Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore call it fasting, which comes from Sanskrit, upvaasa , fast is also used in Indonesia, Southern Thailand and Southern Philippines.
Maps Fasting in Islam
Definitions
Muslims are forbidden to eat, drink and engage in husband and wife sexual relations from dawn (dawn) to sunset (maghrib). This is considered time to start fasting when someone standing outside can say a white thread from a black thread. Fasting helps Muslims develop self-control, gain a better understanding of God's gifts and greater compassion for the deprived. Fasting in Islam involves abstaining from all the physical pleasures between dawn and sunset. All things that are considered outlawed even more in this month, because of his holiness. Every moment during fasting, one suppresses their desires and desires in loving obedience to God. This awareness of the duty and spirit of patience helps strengthen one's faith. Fasting helps one gain self-control. Someone who abstains from permissible things like food and drink tends to feel conscious of his sins. A high sense of spirituality helps stop the habit of lying, staring with lust for the opposite sex, gossiping and wasting time. Fasting is also seen as a means to control one's desire (food, drink and sex) and focuses more on devoting himself to God. Many Muslims have food before sunrise.
Sawm also carries significant spiritual significance. It teaches one principle of God's Consciousness: because when one observes fasting, it is done because of deep love for God and learning to refrain. As mentioned in the Qur'an: "O you who believe! You are fasting, as it has been decreed to those before you, that you may be righteous."
Fasting in the Quran
In the Qur'an, this practice is mentioned:
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"O you who believe! It is decided upon you to fast as it is appointed to those before you, that you may be righteous."
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"[Fasting for] a limited number of days, so whoever among you is sick or traveling [during their] - then the same number of days [must be done] and those who are able [to fast, but with difficulty] ransom [as a substitute] to feed the poor [every day], and whoever loves excess - is better for him, but fasting is the best for you, if you only know. "
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"The month of Ramadan where the Qur'an reveals, guidance for people and clear evidence of clues and criteria, so whoever sees the [new moon] of the month, let him fast, and whoever is sick or in journey - then the same number of other days God purposed for you to lighten and not for your trouble and [desire] for you to finish the period and to glorify God for it [for] which He has guided you, and perhaps you will be grateful. "
Fasting requirements
Intent ( Niyyah )
"Intention (niyyah) means completing the fast, it is important to have the intention of the night before, night at night, in Ramadan."
General conditions
Throughout the duration of fasting itself, Muslims will abstain from certain provisions that have been permitted by the Qur'an; ie eating, drinking and sexual intercourse. [Quran 2: 187] This is in addition to the standard obligations that Muslims have observed to avoid what is not permitted under Koranic or Shari'ah law (eg no matter) and utterance indecent, arguing and fighting and lustful thoughts). Regardless of the obligations of this standard, sawm is considered useless and seen only as an act of hunger. Fasting must be a motive to be better for fellow beings. Charity for the poor and needy in this month is one of the most precious worship.
If a person is sick, breastfeeding or traveling, a person is considered free from fasting. Any fasting that is damaged or missed by sickness, breastfeeding or traveling should be done whenever the person is able before the next month of Ramadan. According to the Qur'an, for all other cases, not fasting is only permitted when the action is potentially harmful to one's health - for example, those who are sick, elderly, or on the move, and women who are menstruating, pregnant, or breastfeeding are allowed to break their fast , but this must be done by paying fidyah which is basically iftaar and suhur to the fasting person who needs the financial assistance.
According to the Qur'an and Sunnah, if one is unable to pay for fasting because of illness or traveling, they are permitted to delay fasting and continue at a more appropriate time or health condition. However, the question of those suffering from permanent diseases has not been resolved. One view is that they can rule out the obligation to fast when advised by a medical expert. In addition, it is held that they can provide the poor with food for every day freed fast. However, such naughty people should be willing to fast when in health.
Muslim scholars have stated that observing fasting is forbidden for women who are menstruating. However, when the period of a woman has stopped, she has to take a bath and continue the fast. Any fast that is broken or missed due to menstruation should be done every time he can before the next month of Ramadan. Women should fast at times when not menstruating, because the Qur'an shows that all religious duties are ordained for men and women. The reason for this is because the Quran refers to menstruation as "Say: This is a discomfort (Menstruation)" According to Nouman Ali Khan an Islamic speaker in the United States the reason for this ban is due to the pain associated with it. A Muslim woman may still do dhikr (remember Allah) and make twoa (petition to God) during this time.
Fasting is mandatory for a person if he meets five conditions:
- He or He is a Muslim.
- He or She is responsible (Islami past puberty).
- He or He can fast.
- He or He is already settled (not traveling).
- There are no barriers to fasting like sickness, severe pain from injury, breast-feeding, or pregnancy.
Breaking the fast and the consequences
During Ramadan, if a person unintentionally breaks the fast by eating or drinking then they should continue for the rest of the day and fasting remains in effect. For those who deliberately break their fast by eating or drinking they must redeem it by fasting on another day. To break the fast by having sexual intercourse, the consequences are:
- Free the slave, and if that is not possible,
- Fast for two months of Hijri (month) in a row, and if that is not possible
- Feeding or clothing sixty people in need.
During voluntary fasting, if a person accidentally violates fasting then they can continue for the remainder of the day and fasting remains valid. If a person intentionally violates fasting there is no sin on them because it is only voluntary.
Violating the oath and consequences
If an oath is given and circumstances dictate that it must be broken (or if the person who swore intentionally violated), one must offer a pardon (kaffara) by freeing a slave, or feeding or clothing ten people in need with an average of what is required for their own family, or if none of them can be done then fasting for three days is instead.
Starting and ending fast
In accordance with the tradition derived from Muhammad, Muslims eat a dish before dawn called the suhur. All eating and drinking must be completed before the ad-ul-Fajr, the call of dawn to pray. In contrast to the Salat-ul-Zuhr and prayer-ul-Maghrib prayers, which have clear astronomical definitions (after-noon and after sunset), there are several definitions used in practice for the "true dawn" time ( al- fajr as-sadiq ), as mentioned in the hadith. It ranges from when the center of the sun is 12 to 21 degrees below the horizon which is equivalent to about 40 to 60 minutes before the civil dawn. There is no limit on breakfast other than dietary restrictions of Muslims. After completing the shuhur, Muslims read the morning prayer. No food or drinks are allowed to go to the throat after the foreskin. However, water like food may go into the mouth, but not down the throat during wudu.
The food consumed to end the fast is known as al-Iftar . Muslims, follow the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad, breaking the fast with dates and water, before praying Salat-ul-Maghrib, after which they may eat healthier food.
According to some experts of the Qur'an, the exact time to end the fast is at night and not at sunset.
Benefits of fasting
Fasting is said to instill a sense of brotherhood and solidarity with the needy and hungry. Most importantly, fasting is also seen as a sign of great adherence by believers to God. Faithful obedience from sawm is believed to atone for personal misconduct and misconduct and to help get a place in heaven.
Sawm is meant to teach believers patience and self-control in their personal behavior, to help control lust and temperament, to make time for meditation and to strengthen one's faith. Fasting also serves the purpose of cleansing the inner soul and liberates it from harm. Some scholars, following the initial understanding of the usefulness and purpose of fasting rituals strongly object to identifying worldly purposes from rituals such as physical and psychological good. For them the ritual of fasting is pure worship and should not be treated as an exercise mixed with worship. The purpose of fasting is to inculcate taqwa (God's consciousness) in believers. As mentioned earlier, fasting can also be observed voluntarily (as part of the Great Jihad).
Fasting breakdown
Fasting on a long, hot day carries the risk of dehydration. However, if a person is at a medical risk of dehydration, which leads to serious consequences, then it is permissible to break the fast. Improved negative health effects were observed exclusively during Ramadan because of fasting, such as migraine, tachycardia, severe headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, circulatory collapse, and sleep problems.
Day of fasting
The month of Ramadan
Fasting in Ramadan is considered Fard.
Day of Sight
If you swear or swear, for example: "If I pass by a good sign, I will fast for three days for God" then the general belief states that one must fulfill this. This type of fast is considered mandatory. Deciding on such an oath is considered sinful.
Day to volunteer fasting
Muslims are encouraged, though not obliged, to fast day throughout the year: ninth and tenth, or tenth and eleven Muharram, the first month of the year. The tenth day, called Asyura, was also a quick day for the Jews (Yom Kippur), and God commanded Muslims to fast for two days to distinguish themselves from the Books. such as:
- every 6 days in the lunar or "Islam" month of Syawal (month after Ramadan (Hijri)
- Fasting on Mondays and Thursdays is desired if possible.
- days 13, 14, and 15 of every lunar month (Hijri)
- Arafah's Day (9th Dhu'I-Hijja in the Islamic calendar (Hijriyah))
- As often as possible in the months of Rajab and Sha'aban before Ramadan
- The first 9 days of Dhu'I-Hijja in the lunar calendar (Islam) (but not for those who perform pilgrims)
The day in which fasting is prohibited
Although fasting is considered a pious act in Islam, there are times when fasting is considered prohibited or discouraged according to the majority of Sunni scholars:
- Eid al-Adha and three days later, because Muhammad said "You have not fasted lately, they are the days of eating and drinking and remembering God", reported by Abu Hurairah.
- Idul Fitri
- It is also forbidden to go out on Friday and just fast every Friday, such as Ê »Abdullah b. 'Amr b. al-'As said that he heard Muhammad say "In fact, Friday is a holiday (holiday) for you, so do not fast unless you fast the day before or after."
- Daily fasting throughout the year is considered useless; Muhammad said "There is no reward for fasting for those who always fast." This Hadith is considered authentic by Sunni scholars.
The Qur'an contains no restrictions on the days of fasting.
Fasting in the polar region
Nothing is said directly about the Polar region and fasting. But there is a Hadith about Al-Masih ad-Dajjal which proves that fasting as prayer should be estimated and done every 24 hours, this is the opinion of the Senior Council of Ulama in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
In Tafsir Maarif the Qur'an states that the Qur'an states that "(During Ramadan) eating and drinking until the dawn of white dawn looks to you is different from his black thread." [Quran 2: 187] This results in that fasting is a duty to Muslims only when day and night produce no fasting required. So Muslims from Svalbard should fast only when day and night are prominent by the sun. If Ramadan comes in June/December (when day and night do not stand out by the sun in Svalbard, Norway) they can leave the fast and then finish their fast in March/September (when day and night stands out by the sun in Svalbard, Norway). In Islamic law it is called Qadha. God says in the Qur'an: "God wants every facility for you; He does not want to make you have trouble. (He wants you) to finish the appointed period, and to glorify Him because He has guided you, and maybe you will be grateful. " [Quran 2: 185]
Fasting in other religions
Lent in Cultural Christianity, Yom Kippur, Tisha B'av, Fast of Esther, Tzom Gedalia, Seventeenth of Tamuz, and Tevet Ten, all in Judaism, also the period of fasting. However, the practice of fasting differs from one another. Eastern Orthodox Christians fasted during the prescribed fasting season of the year, which included not only the more famous Great Lent but also fasting on Wednesdays and Fridays (except on special holidays), along with an extended period of fasting before Christmas (Nativity Fast), after Easter (Quick Apostle) and in early August (Fasting Asleep). Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) are generally fast for 24 hours on the first Sunday of each month. Like Muslims, they refrain from all drinking and eating unless they are children or physically unable to fast. Fasting is also a hallmark of the ascetic tradition in religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism. The Mahayana tradition that follows the Brahma Clean Sutra can recommend that the laity be quick "for six days fasting every month and three months of fasting every year" [Brahma's Net Sutra, little teaching 30]. Members of Baha'i Faith observe the Nineteen Fast Days from sunrise to sunset during the month of March each year.
Fasting and health
Fasting is one of the proven alternatives for reducing DPP-4 levels and activating dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and so on, preventing osteoporosis. On the other hand, circadian rhythms have a direct relationship with osteoporosis. This has been found by biochemical markers, which indicate that fasting for certain hours of the day, especially during the recommended day hours as part of Muslim tradition (fasting Islam), is very effective in reducing the effects of osteoporosis.
References
External links
- Fasting & amp; Ramadan: Interactive Online Guides Complete
- Scientific articles on the Law of Fasting in Islam
- Fasting in the Qur'an
- Comprehensive Articles and Books on Fasting and Ramadan
- Esoteric view of sawm - fasting in the month of Ramadan
- Holidays and Islamic festivals
- The start and end time of sawmill per city
- Health in Ramadan
- How Fasting Helps with Self Control
- How to spend Ramadan
- The Six Days Fast from Shawwal: Required?
- Sawm - Ramadan Fasting
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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