Electronic pest control is the name given to one of several types of electric powered devices designed to dislodge or eliminate pests, usually rodents or insects. Because this device is not set up under Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act in the United States, the EPA does not require the same efficacy testing as it does for chemical pesticides. The study of ultrasound pest control devices has been described as ineffective, wasteful of money and potentially harmful to users and their efforts to prevent insects and prevent disease.
Video Electronic pest control
Device type
Ultrasonic
Ultrasonic devices operate by transmitting shortwave, high-frequency sound waves that are too high in the field to be heard by the human ear (generally accepted into frequencies greater than 20,000 Hz). Humans usually can not hear sounds higher than 20 kHz due to physiological limitations of cochlea, although there is considerable variation among individuals, especially at such high frequencies. Some animals, such as bats, dogs, and rodents, can hear well into the ultrasonic range. Some insects, such as grasshoppers and grasshoppers, can detect frequencies from 50,000 Hz to 100,000 Hz, and lacewings and moths can detect a 240,000 Hz ultrasound produced by an insect hunting bats. Contrary to popular belief, birds can not hear ultrasonic sounds. Some smartphone apps try to use this technology to produce high-frequency sounds to repel mosquitoes and other insects, but the claims of the effectiveness of this application and ultrasonic control of pest creatures in general have been questioned. Ultrasonic repellers have some uncomfortable side effects in addition to their questionable effectiveness.
Radio wave pest control
The concept of radio waves (RW) or radio frequency (RF) to control the behavior of living organisms has shown promise. According to Drs. Juming Tang and Shaojin Wang at Washington State University (WSU) with colleagues at the University of California-Davis and the USDA Agricultural Research Service in Parlier, California, because RF energy generates heat through the agitation of bound water molecules, it generates heat through ionic conduction and agitation of free water molecules in insects. As a result, more heat energy is altered on insects.
RF treatment controls insect pests without affecting food items and storage locations negatively. RF treatment can serve as a non-chemical alternative to fumigant chemicals for post-harvest pest control in commodities (such as almonds, pecans, pistachios, lentils, peas and soybeans), reducing long-term impacts on the environment, human health and competitiveness agricultural industries.
Maps Electronic pest control
Ultrasound Studies
In 2003, the Federal Trade Commission obliged Global Instruments, the maker of the Pest-A-Cator/Riddex electromagnetic pest control series, to stop any claims of its efficacy until they were backed by credible scientific evidence. This ban continues to apply.
In 2007, a Cochrane report reviewed by the Infectious Diseases Group stipulated that there was no evidence based on 10 field studies, in which ultrasonic repellent devices had been tested to show that EMR had a repellent effect on mosquitoes, and therefore no evidence to support their promotion. They suggest to stop further randomized controlled trials because field studies do not show promise in the fight against malaria.
Effects on animals
Effect on mosquito
Bart Chols, an entomolog who heads the advisory board of the Dutch Malaria Foundation and edits the Malaria World website, states that "there is no scientific evidence" that ultrasound mosquitoes reject mosquitoes.Effects on rodents
Based on a review of six commercial products, a report made at the University of Lincoln, Nebraska in 1995 concluded that all devices, when evaluated at the frequency range and decibel levels, were insufficient in rat repellent animals. The EPA takes legal action against the supplier of the product, and nothing is then marketed as a fine to the producers.
Security
Professor Tim Leighton at the Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, produced an 83-page paper entitled "What is Ultrasound?" (2007), where he expressed concern about growth in commercial products that exploit the unpleasant effects of ultrasound in the air (for pests for whom it is within their audible frequency range, or for humans for whom not, but who can experience the subjective effects unpleasant and, potentially, shifted on the threshold of hearing). Leighton claims that commercial products are often advertised with cited rates that are not critically acceptable due to the lack of measurement standards received for ultrasound in the air, and little understanding of potentially harmful mechanisms.
The independent British Advisory Group on Ionized Radiation (AGNIR) produced a 180 page report on the health effects of human exposure to ultrasound and infrasound in 2010. The UK Health Protection Agency (HPA) published their report, which recommended exposure limits for the general public for sound pressure levels ultrasound in the air (SPL) of 70 dB (at 20 kHz), and 100 dB (at 25 kHz and above).
See also
- Bug zapper
- Fly killer tool
- Shark repellent
References
Further reading
- "News Release". Federal Trade Commission . 2001.
- "Approval Agreement". Federal Trade Commission . July 2003.
- "Press Releases Radio Waves Can Offer New and Eco-Friendly Pest Control Methods." USDA . 2008.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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