Compline ( KOM -plin ), also known as Complin , Night Prayer , or Prayer End of the Day , is the last worship (or office) that day in the Christian tradition at canonical hours. The English word Compline comes from the Latin completorium , because Compline is the completion of the business day. This word was first used in this sense about the beginning of the 6th century by St. Benedict in his book Rule, in Chapters 16, 17, 18, and 42, and he even used the verb
Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican, Lutheran, and several other Christian denominations with liturgical traditions prescribe Compline services. Compline tends to be a contemplative Office that emphasizes spiritual peace. In many monasteries it was customary to start "Great Silence" after Compline, where the whole community, including the guests, observed the silence throughout the night until the morning service the following day.
Video Compline
Historical development
- This section combines information from the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1917. The reference to the psalm follows the Septuagint numbering system, as it is said in Latin from Vulgate.
The origins of Compline have spawned considerable discussions among liturgists. In the past, public opinion was thought to have originated from this Hour to St. Benedict, at the beginning of the 6th century. But Jules Pargoire and A. Vandepitte trace the source to St Basil. Vandepitte states that it was not at CÃÆ'Â|sarea at 375, but in his retreat at Pontus (358-362), Basil founded Compline, whose Clock did not exist prematurely, that is, until shortly after the middle of the 4th Century. Dom Plaine also traces the source of Compline back to the 4th century, finding the mention in a passage on Eusebius and elsewhere in St. Ambrose, as well as in John Cassian. These texts bear witness to personal habits of praying before retirement to rest. If this is not Hour Compline kanonis, it would be the first step towards it. The same authors dismiss the opinions of Paulin Ladeuze and Dom Besse who believe that Compline has a place in the Rule of St. Pachomius, which means that it originated earlier in the 4th century.
It may be possible to reconcile these different sentiments by stating that if it is an established fact that St. Basil instituted and organized the Hour of Compline for the East, as did St. Benedict for the West, already as early as the days of St. Cyprian and Clement of Alexandria habitual reciting of prayer before bed, where our practice finds the most remote origin of our Compline.
Maps Compline
Fit in the Roman Rite
Pre-Vatican II
It is generally assumed that the Benedictine Compline form was the earliest Western order, although some scholars, such as Dom Plaine, have maintained that the Hour of Compline as found in the Roman Breviary of its time preceded the Benedictine Office. The debate is separate, the arrangement of Benedict may have invested Hour of Compline with the character and liturgical arrangements preserved in the Benedictine Order, and was largely adopted by the Roman Church. The original form of the Benedictine Office, lacking even the antiphon for the psalm, much simpler than its Roman counterpart, resembles the Clock more closely on that day.
Saint Benedict first gave the Office the basic structure with which it had been celebrated in the West: the three psalms (4, 90, and 133) (Vulgate numbering) say without antiphons, hymns, lessons, versions of Kyrie eleison , blessings, and dismissals (RB, Chapters 17 and 18).
The Office of the Roman Compotel became richer and more complicated than the simple Benedictine psalms. The fourth psalm is added, " In te Domine speravi " (Psalm 30 in Vulgate). And perhaps on a somewhat late date added a deep introduction to the blessing with the reading (probably based on a spiritual reading which, in the Rule of St. Benedict, precedes Compline: RB, Chapter 42), and the acknowledgment and forgiveness of errors. This does not exist in parallel form, like Sarum.
The distinctive character and greater sincerity of the Roman form of Compline comes from the response, In the manus lever, Domine (with "Your Hand, O God")..., with the evil attrik Nunc Dimittis and his national anthem , which is very distinctive.
The Hour of Compline, as it appeared in the Roman Breviary before the Second Vatican Council, can be divided into sections, ie. the beginning or the introduction, the psalm, to the accompaniment of antiphons, hymns, capitulums, responses, evangelical texts, prayers, and blessings.
By way of various liturgies, the ministry of initium noctis can also be studied in the Celtic Liturgy, as it is read in the Antiphonary of Bangor, planned by Warren and by Bishop (see Bibliography, below).
Current use
In the 1974 Roman Catholic Liturgy Brace of the Hour, Compline is divided as follows: introduction, optional examination of conscience or ritual of repentance, a hymn, psalm with accompanying antiphon, scripture reading, responsory, Canticle of Simeon, prayer cover, and blessing. The last Antiphon to the Blessed Virgin Mary ( Salve Regina , etc.) is an important part of the Office. Summorum Pontificum allows Compline to be read in accordance with the older form.
Armenian Liturgy: Hours of Peace and Rest
There are two offices in Armenian daily service read out between Vespers and sleepers: Hours of Peace and Hours of Rest. These are two different communal worship services. This is a use in some areas to combine these two services, with abbreviations, into one service.
Hour of Peace
The Hour of Peace (Armenian: ????????? khaghagakan zham ) is the office associated with the compline in other Christian liturgies.
In the Armenian Book of Hours, or Zhamagirk`, it is mentioned that Jam Damat recalls the Spirit of God, but also the Word of God, "when he was placed in a tomb and went down to Hades, and brought peace to the spirits."
Outline of the Peace Clock
If the Footsteps are read: Blessed is our Lord Jesus Christ. Amin. Our father... Amen. ; Psalm 34: 1-7: I have blessed the Lord all the time (awrhnets`its` zT? R) ...; Glory to the Father (Always with Now and always... Amin .; And again in peace let's pray to God... < i> Bless and glorify the Father... Amen. ; Song of Songs: Psalm 120: 1-3: In my affliction I cry (I'm neghoutean imoum) ...; for the Father....
If Kidung Langkah does not say: Blessed is our Lord Jesus Christ. Amin. Our father... Amin ; Psalm 88: 1-2 God my salvation (Astouats p`kkout`ean imoy) ...; Glory to the Father... ; And again in peace let's pray to God... ; Bless and glorious to the Father... Amen. ; Peace with all.
In both cases the ministry continues here: Psalms 4, 6, 13, 16, 43, 70, 86: 16-17; Glory to the Father... ; Song: Vouchsafe to us (Shnorhea mez)... ; Glory to the Father... ; Acclamation: In the dark approach (I merdzenal erekoyis)... ; Proclamation: And again in peace... Let us give thanks to God (Gohats `uuk` zLearn?)... ; Prayer: God Beneficial (T? R Barerar)... ; Psalm 27 God is my light (T'r loys im)... ; Glory to the Father... ; Song: Look down with love (Nayats` sirov)... ; Acclamation: God, do not change your face (T? R mi dartzouts`aner)... ; Proclamation: And again in peace... Let us ask God Almighty (Aghach`ests`ouk` zamenakal )...; Prayer: Supervise with grace (Shnorhatou bareats`) ....
On days that are not fasting, the service ends here with: Blessed is our Lord Jesus Christ. Amin. Our father... Amin .
On fasting days, proceed here: Psalm 119; Glory to the Father... ; Hymn: We're asking you (I k`ez hayts`emk`)....
During Great Fast: Evening Chant (varied); Acclamation: To the spirits who rest (Hogvovn hangouts`elots)... ; Proclamation: And again in peace... To break the souls (Vasn hangouts`eal)...; Sir, have mercy (three times); Prayer: Christ, Son of God (K`ristos Ordi Astoutsoy)...; Blessed is our Lord Jesus Christ. Amen. Our father... Amen. " Break Hour
Hours Rest (Armenian: ????????? hangstean zham ) is celebrated after the Hour of Peace, and is the last day of office that day. It may be considered a communal worship before going to sleep. It has some similarities in the content for Compline in the Roman Rite.
In the Armenian Book of Hours it is mentioned in many manuscripts that the Hour of Rest commemorates God the Father, "that he protects us through the Protective arm of the New that is penetrated in the darkness of the night."
Outline Break Time: Blessed be our Lord Jesus Christ. Amin. Our father... Amen. ; Psalm 43: 3-5: Lord, send your light and truth (Arak'ea T? R)... ; Glory to the Father...; And again peacefully let's pray to God...; Blessed and honorable for the Father... Amin; Psalm 119: 41-56, 119: 113-120, 119: 169-176, 91, 123, 54, Daniel 3: 29-34, Luke 2: 29-32, Psalm 142: 7, 86: 16-17, 138: 7-8, Luke 1: 46-55; Glory to the Father... ; Acclamation: My soul into your hands (Andzn im I tzers k`o)... ; Proclamation: And again in peace... Let's beg for God Almighty (Aghach`ests`ouk` zamenakaln)... ; Prayer: Our Lord of the Lord (T? R Astouats mer)....
Ends: Mazmur 4; Pre-Gospel sequence; Gospel: John 12: 24ff; Glory to you, our Lord ; Proclamation: By the Holy Cross (Sourb khach`ivs...)... ; Prayer: Protect us (Pahpannea zmez)... ; Blessed be our Lord Jesus Christ. Amin. Our father... Amen.
Expired during Fasting: Acclamation: We fell before you (Ankanimk` aara k`o)... ; Meditation of the Twelve Saint Gregory of Narek; Meditation 94 from St. Gregory of Narek; Meditation 41 of St. Gregory of Narek; Prayer: In faith I confess (Havatov khostovanim)... by St. Nerses the Anggun; Acclamation: Through your taintless mother and virgin (Vasn srbouhvoy)... ; Proclamation: Holy Birth of God (Sourb zAstouatsatsinn) ,, ; Prayer: Accept, Lord (Unkal, T? R)... ; Blessed is our Lord Jesus Christ. Amen. Our Father... Amen.
Compline in Byzantine usage
Compline in Eastern Orthodox and Greek-Catholic Churches (Greek ?? ) /apÃÆ'³ÃÆ'  ° ipnon/, Slavonic Povecheriye : literally "after-dinner" [prayer]) takes two different forms: Small Compline and Great Compline. Both versions have different lengths.
In Compline (whether Small or Large) a Canon for Theotokos in Sunday Tones will usually be read (This canon will be found in Octoechos). Service to the saints in Menaion who for various reasons can not be celebrated on the day assigned to them, can be sung on the nearest convenient day in Compline. In such cases, Canon for the Saints will be read in conjunction with the Canon to Theotokos, followed by Stichera to the saint of Vespers. There are also certain days (such as Forefeasts, Afterfeasts, and certain days during Pentecost) that have special Canons for Compline prepared for them.
The office always ends with mutual apology. In some traditions, especially among Russians, Night Pray (ie, Prayer Before Sleep) will be read towards the end of Compline. It is an ancient custom, practiced on the Holy Mountain and in other monasteries, for all those present at the end of Compline to honor the relics and icons in the church, and receive the priest's blessing.
Small Compline
Small Compline is served almost every night of the year (ie, nights when Great Compline is not served). On Sunday evenings and parties with All-Night Vigil, Compline can be read privately or suppressed at all. Among the Greeks, who usually do not hold an All-Night Night on Saturday night, Compline is said to be normal.
This service consists of three Psalms (50, 69, 142), Small Doxology, Nicea Credo, Canon followed by Axion Estin Trisagion, Troparia for the day, Kyrie eleison 40 times), Prayer Hours, Prayers of Paul's Biksu, and Prayer for Jesus Christ of Antiochus Monks. Then forgive each other and the final blessing by the priest. After this, there is Litany and Icon worship and relics.
Great Compline
Great Compline is the office of repentance presented at the following occasions:
- Tuesday and Thursday night Cheesefare Week (the week before Great Lent)
- Monday to Thursday night Great Lent
- Friday night from Great Lent
- Monday and Tuesday Holy Week
- Monday to Friday during lower Lenten seasons: Nativity Fast, Apostles' Fast, and Fast Dormition
- The Eves of Great Feasts, as part of All-Night Vigil: Nativity, Theophany, and Annunciation.
Unlike Small Compline, Great Compline has a part of the service sung by the Choir and during St. Lent Prayer. Ephraim is said to be prostration. During the First Week of the Great Lent, the Great Canons of Saint Andrew from Crete are divided into four parts and read from Monday to Thursday evening.
Due to the regret nature of Great Compline, it is not uncommon for priests to hear Confessions during worship.
Great Compline consists of three parts, each beginning with a call to pray, "O, let us worship...":
First Section
- Psalms 4, 6, and 12; Glory..., etc.; Psalms 24, 30, 90; hymn "God is With Us" and troparia, the Creed, hymns "O Most Holy Lady Theotokos", Trisagion and Troparia of the Day, Kyrie eleison 40 times, "More honorable than cherubim... "and the Prayer of St. Basil the Great.
Part Two
- Psalms 50, 101, and Prayer Manasses; Trisagion, and Troparia Repentance, Kyrie eleison (40 times), "More honorable than the cherubim..." and Prayer St. Mardarius.
Third Section
- Psalms 69, 142, and Small Doxology; then Canon followed by Axion Estin , Trisagion, hymn "O Lord of Hosts, with us...", Kyrie eleison (40 times), Prayer Hours, " More honorable than the cherubim.... ", St. Ephraim, Trisagion, Prayer of Paul's Biksu, and Prayer for Jesus Christ of Antiochus Monk. Then forgive each other. Instead of a normal final blessing by the priest, all prostrate themselves while the priest reads a special intercession prayer. Then litany and iconic worship and relics.
Anglican Usage
In the Anglican tradition, Compline initially joined the Vespers to form the Night Prayer in the Book of Common Prayer. ECUSA's Book of Offices 1914, the British Church Prayer Book of 1928, and the Anglican Church Prayer Book of Canada in 1959, as well as the 2004 version of the General Prayer Book for the Church of Ireland, return the Compline form to Anglican worship. Some contemporary liturgical texts, including American 1979 The General Prayer Book , the Anglican Church in Canada the Alternate Services Book , and the Church of England Public Worship , form of modern service. The Common Worship Service consists of opening sentences, confessions, psalms and other Bible lessons, the Simeon canticle, and prayers, including the blessing of blessing. There are official alternatives to the days of the week and the season of the Christian year. As a public worship service, such as Morning Prayer and Night Prayer, Compline can be led by a layman.
Lutheran Usage
Among Lutherans, Compline has reappeared as an alternative to Vespers. The Compline Office is included in various Lutheran prayer books and Lutheran prayer books (together with Matin/Morning Prayer and Vesper/Night Prayer). Quite similar to Anglican usage, in some Compline Lutheran Churches can be done by the layman.
Note
References
- BÃÆ'¤umer, Histoire du BrÃÆ' © viaire , tr. Biron, me, 135, 147-149 et passim
- Batiffol, Histoire du brÃÆ' Â © viaire romain , 35
- Besse, Les Moines d'Orient antÃÆ' Â © rieurs au concile de ChalcÃÆ' © doine (Paris, 1900), 333
- Bishop, "Book of Seventh-Century Service" at The Church Quarterly Review (January, 1894), XXXVII, 347
- Butler, "The Text of St Benedict's Rule", in Side Reviews , XVII, 223
- Bresard, Luc. Monastic Spirituality . Three volumes. (Stanbrook Abbey, Worcester: A.I.M., 1996)
- Cabrol, Le Livre de la PriÃÆ'¨re antique , 224
- This article incorporates text from publications now in the public domain: Ã, Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " article name required ". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton. , sv Complin
- Ladeuze, Etude sur le cà © nobitisme pakhomien pendant le IVe siÃÆ'¨cle et la premiÃÆ'¨re moitià © du ve (Louvain, 1898), 288
- Pargoire, "Prime et meets" on Rev. d'hist. et de littà © r r. religious. (1898), III, 281-288, 456-467
- Pargoire and PÃÆ'Â © tridÃÆ'¨s in titah. d'arch. et de liturgie , s. v. Apodeipnon, I, 2579-2589
- Plaine, "La GÃÆ' Â © nÃÆ'¨se historique des Heures" at Rev. Anglo-romaine , me, 593
- - Idem, "De officii seu cursus Romani origine" in Studien u. Mittheilungen (1899), X, 364-397
- Vandepitte, "Saint Basile et l'origine de complies" at Rev. Augustinienne (1903), II, 258-264
- Warren, The Antiphonary of Bangor: Early Irish MS. (Complete facsimile in collotype, with transcription, London, 1893)
- - Idem, Celtic Church Liturgy and Ritual (Oxford, 1881)
External links
Roman Rite
LOTH
- Liturgy Jam at www.ebreviary.com (login required)
- Compline text for today's date www.universalis.com (English)
- The Liturgical Jam, in Latin with Gregorian chants
Eastern Orthodox
- Small Compline
- Great Compline
Protestant
- Lutheran Service Book with Prayer Office (LCMS)
- The order to Compline from the 1979 Public Prayer Book (ECUSA)
- Night Prayer of the English General Worship (Anglican)
- Office for Compline (United Methodist - Order of St. Luke) (PDF)
- Compline (Church Methodist - Source of Prayer Stewardship) (Word file)
- Compline (Church Methodist - Predatory Sources of Prayer) (PDF - book format)
Sung Compline
- Compline Choir Episcopal Cathedral of St. Mark's, Seattle See also Wikipedia entry
- Compline Choir of Saint David's Episcopal Church, Austin
- Compline Choir from the Catholic Church of Saint Louis King of France, Austin
- Pacific Academy of Ecclesiastical Music
- Minnesota Compline Choir
- Pittsburgh Compline Choir
- Weekly Compilation at Christ Church, New Haven, CT
- Weekly Compilation at Anglican Christ Church in Savannah, GA
- St. Mary's Schola from St. Christ Church Mary, Arlington, VA
- Compline Choir at The Chapel of the Cross, Chapel Hill, NC
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments