Asphyxia or asphyxia is the condition of the lack of oxygen supply to the body arising from abnormal breathing. Examples of asphyxia choking. Asphyxia causes generalized hypoxia, which mainly affects tissues and organs. There are many conditions that can cause asphyxia, all of which are characterized by the inability of a person to obtain sufficient oxygen through the breathing for a long period of time. Asphyxia can cause coma or death.
In 2015 about 9.8 million cases of unintentional suffocation result in 35,600 deaths. The word asphyxia comes from the ancient Greek ? - "without" and ? ????? sphyxis , "squeeze" (heartbeat).
Video Asphyxia
Penyebab
Situations that may cause asphyxia include but are not limited to: narrowing or blockage of the airways, such as from asthma, laryngospasm, or simple blockages of the presence of foreign materials; from being in an environment where oxygen is not easily accessible: like under water, in low oxygen atmosphere, or in a vacuum; the environment in which sufficient oxygen is present, but can not be inhaled adequately because of air contamination such as excessive smoke.
Other causes of oxygen deprivation include but are not limited to:
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Inhaled carbon monoxide, such as those from car exhaust and smoke emissions from cigarette burns: carbon monoxide has a higher affinity than oxygen to hemoglobin in red blood cells, is firmly attached to it, and, in the process, replaces oxygen and prevents blood carries oxygen throughout the body
- Contact with certain chemicals, including lung agents (such as phosgene) and blood agents (such as hydrogen cyanide)
- Sink
- Drug overdose
- Exposure to extreme low pressure or vacuum to the pattern (see exposure space)
- Hang, whether suspend or short drop hanging Hypocapnia self-induced hyperventilation, such as shallow water or deep water-blackening and throttling games
- Inert gas inhalation
- Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, or primary alveolar hypoventilation, an autonomic nervous system disorder in which the patient must consciously breathe; although it is often said that people with this disease will die if they fall asleep, this is usually not the case
- Respiratory illness
- Sleep apnea
- Seizures that stop respiratory activity
- Strangle
- Breaks the wind pipe.
- Old chlorine gas exposure
Painful
Depressing is the airborne mechanical obstruction of the airflow from the environment to the mouth and/or the nostrils, for example, by closing the mouth and nose by hand, pillow, or plastic bag. Pathetic can be partial or complete, where the partial shows that the retained person is capable of breathing air, although less than necessary. Under normal circumstances, shortness of breath requires at least partial obstruction of both the nasal cavity and the mouth to cause asphyxia. Pathetic by hand or chest is used in some combat sports to distract the opponent, and creates a gap for the transition, because the opponent is forced to react to the choke.
In some cases, when performing certain routines, chokes are combined with simultaneous asphyxia press. One example is an overlay, in which adults accidentally roll over to a baby while sleeping together, an accident that is often unknown and mistakenly considered sudden infant death syndrome. Another accident involving a similar mechanism is cave-ins or when someone is buried in sand or grain.
In murder cases, the term burking is often regarded as a method of killing that involves simultaneous body compression and compression. The term "belch" comes from the methods of William Burke and William Hare used to kill their victims during the West Port killing. They kill the usually drunk victims by sitting on their chests and strangling them by putting their hands on their noses and mouths, while using the other hand to push the victim's jaw. Bodies have no visible cuts, and are supplied to medical schools to earn money.
Compressive asphyxia
Compressive asphyxia (also called chest compression) mechanically limits the expansion of the lungs by pressing the torso, thus interfering with breathing. Compressive asphyxia occurs when the chest or abdomen is compressed posteriorly. In accidents, the term asphyxia traumatic or destructive asphyxia usually refers to the compounded asphyxia produced from being crushed or embedded under heavy or large forces. Examples of traumatic asphyxia include cases where an individual has used a car-jack to repair the car from below, and is destroyed under the weight of the vehicle. Pythons, anacondas, and other snake constrictors kill through compression asphyxia. In the case of co-sleep ("overlay"), the weight of an adult or a large child can compress the baby's chest, preventing proper chest expansion. Risk factors include large adults or obesity, fatigue or parental disorders (sedation by drugs or alcohol) from adults who sleep together and small shared sleeping spaces (eg, adults and babies sharing sofas).
In a fatal crowd disaster, compressive asphyxia from being destroyed against the crowd causes most deaths, rather than blunt trauma from trampling. This is what happened at Ibrox disaster in 1971, where 66 Rangers fans died; 1979 The Who concert disaster where 11 died; Luzhniki disaster in 1982, when 66 FC Spartak Moscow fans died; and at the Hillsborough disaster in 1989, 96 Liverpool fans were destroyed to death on the overcrowded terrace, 95 out of 96 deaths from compressive asphyxia, with 93 dying straight from it and 2 others dying from related complications. In limited space, people push and lean on one another; Evidence of the steel fence bent in some fatal crash accidents has shown a horizontal strength of over 4500 N (equivalent to a weight of about 450 kg, or 1014 Â £). In cases where people have piled one another into a human pile, estimates have been made about 380 kg (838 Â £) of the compressive weight at the lowest layer.
"Positional" or "restrictive" asphyxia is when a person is in control and left alone, as in a police vehicle, and can not position himself to breathe. Death can be in the vehicle, or after loss of consciousness to be followed by death when in a coma, after anoxic brain damage. Asphyxia can be caused by facial compression, neck compression, or chest compression. This happens mostly during situations of restraint and handcuff by law enforcement, including psychiatric incidents. The weight of holding (s) of compression may contribute to what is associated with positional asphyxia. Therefore, the passive death after the arrest prisoners considered as a result of positional asphyxia are actually examples of asphyxia that occurred during the process of restraint.
Chest compression is also featured in a variety of grappling fighting sports, where it is sometimes called wringing. Such a technique is used to exhaust an opponent or as a complementary movement or distraction in combination with a pin holder, or sometimes even when handover takes hold. Examples of chest compression include the knee-on-stomach position; or techniques such as foot shears (also called scissors of the body and in the buds) are referred to as "do-jime", "trunk strangle" or "body triangle") in which a participant wraps or legs around the center of the opponent and squeeze it together.
Pressing is a form of torture or execution that works through asphyxia for example. belch.
Perinatal asphyxia
Perinatal asphyxia is a medical condition resulting from the deprivation of oxygen (hypoxia) to the newborn long enough to cause significant damage. This most often occurs due to a decrease in maternal blood pressure or disruption during labor with blood flow to the baby's brain. This may result from inadequate circulation or perfusion, impaired respiratory effort, or inadequate ventilation. There has been a long-standing scientific debate over whether newborns with asphyxia should be resuscitated with 100% oxygen or normal air. It has been shown that high oxygen concentrations lead to the formation of oxygen-free radicals, which have a role in reperfusion injury after asphyxia. Research by Ola Didrik Saugstad and others lead to new international guidelines on resuscitation of newborns in 2010, recommending the use of normal air as a replacement for 100% oxygen.
Maps Asphyxia
See also
- Gas asphyxiant
- Erotic asphyxia
- Hypercapnia
- Respiratory acidosis
References
Further reading
- Sir James Kay-Shuttleworth (1834). Physiology, Pathology, and Treatment of Asphyxia . Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & amp; Longman.
- Elsner R (September 1989). "Perspective in diving and asphyxia". Undersea Biomed Res . 16 (5): 339-44. PMID 2678664.
External links
- Media related to Asphyxia in Wikimedia Commons
- Compass transverse to chest compression
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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